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Waleed K W Al-Badri Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Hinke Marijke Jellema Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Arnaud R G G Potvin Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Ruth M A van Nispen Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peter H Bisschop Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peerooz Saeed Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Introduction Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the inflammation of the periorbital tissues. Inflammation in GO may result in dry eyes, erythema, periorbital swelling, exophthalmos, conjunctivitis, upper

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0259
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access
B Shahida Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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P Sahlstrand Johnson Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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R Jain Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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H Brorson Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Plastic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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P Åsman Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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M Lantz Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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T Planck Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Introduction Autoimmune thyroid disease is a prerequisite for the development of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), and both thyroid and orbital tissues are infiltrated by immunocompetent cells. The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) acts

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0319
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 9
Open access
Bushra Shahida Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Tereza Planck Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Tania Singh Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Peter Åsman Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Mikael Lantz Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) are both complex autoimmune diseases that are caused by an interplay of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility ( 1 ). Risk factors such as smoking, emotional stress

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0374
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 6
Open access
Ru-Xuan Zhao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ting-Ting Shi Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Sha Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yun-Fu Liu Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong Xin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jin-Kui Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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JJ Sullivan TJ Mortimer RH Wagenaar M Perry-Keene DA . Assessing quality of life in Australian patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy . British Journal of Ophthalmology 2004 88 75 – 78 . ( https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.88.1.75 ) 6 Wickwar S

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0590
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Ya-Fen Hu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Daxing District, Beijing, China

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Lin Hua Department of Mathematics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xiu Tuo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ting-Ting Shi Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yi-Lin Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yun-Fu Liu Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong-Yu Yan Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong Xin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ophthalmology 2014 2014 435276 . 25101183 9 Nagy EV Toth J Kaldi I Damjanovich J Mezosi E Lenkey A Toth L Szabo J Karanyi Z Leovey A . Graves’ ophthalmopathy: eye muscle involvement in patients with diplopia . European Journal of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0147
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 7
Open access
Xiaowen Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Chen Han Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Hongwei Wang State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Xinghong Sun Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Xin Dou Department of Radiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Xueying He Department of Radiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Di Wu Department of Radiology, Southeast University Medical School Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Shanmei Shen Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Dalong Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Xinlin Zhang Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Yan Bi Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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. ( https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0479 ) 3 Mourits MP Koornneef L Wiersinga WM Prummel MF Berghout A van der Gaag R . Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a novel approach . British Journal of

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0260
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 11
Open access
Jakub Supronik Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Małgorzata Szelachowska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Adam Kretowski Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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’ ophthalmopathy . New England Journal of Medicine 2010 362 726 – 738 . ( https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0905750 ) 2 Hiromatsu Y Eguchi H Tani J Kasaoka M Teshima Y . Graves’ ophthalmopathy: epidemiology and natural history . Internal Medicine 2014 53

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0303
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Yue-Yue Wang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qian Wu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Lu Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Wen Chen Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Tao Yang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Xiao-Quan Xu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Fei-Yun Wu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Hao Hu Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Huan-Huan Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Foundation to Huan-Huan Chen. References 1 Bahn RS Graves’ ophthalmopathy . New England Journal of Medicine 2010 362 726 – 738 . ( https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0905750 ) 2 Bartalena L Baldeschi L Boboridis K Eckstein A Kahaly

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0162
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 7
Open access
Qing Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Jianbin Su Department of Endocrinology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Xueqin Wang Department of Endocrinology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Mengjie Tang Department of Endocrinology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Yingying Gao Department of Rheumatology, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Dongmei Zhang Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China

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Patients A total of 72 GD patients without Graves’ ophthalmopathy (52 females and 20 males, mean age 41 ± 11 years) were recruited for this study at the Nantong City No 1 People’s Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between June

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0162
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 7
Open access
Xichang Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Xiaochun Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Chenyan Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Yushu Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Jing Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Weiping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Zhongyan Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Yaxin Lai Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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the references from the initially included studies was also performed to identify eligible studies. Several specific studies on GO (Graves’ ophthalmopathy) or relapsing GD were excluded. Questionnaire design and survey implementation Previously

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0340
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access