Julie Refardt
Julie Refardt
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Clara Odilia Sailer
Clara Odilia Sailer
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Bettina Winzeler
Bettina Winzeler
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Matthias Johannes Betz
Matthias Johannes Betz
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Irina Chifu
Irina Chifu
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Ingeborg Schnyder
Ingeborg Schnyder
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Martin Fassnacht
Martin Fassnacht
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Central Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Central Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Wiebke Fenske
Wiebke Fenske
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Mirjam Christ-Crain
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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for the CODDI-Investigators
for the CODDI-Investigators
for the CODDI-Investigators
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(insufficient vasopressin (AVP) secretion from the pituitary ( 2 , 3 , 4 )), the cause of primary polydipsia (with excessive fluid intake often without obvious cause) remains unclear. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a peptide hormone synthesized by
Wenqi Yang
Wenqi Yang
Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sports University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Ling Liu
Ling Liu
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Yuan Wei
Yuan Wei
Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sports University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Chunlu Fang
Chunlu Fang
Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sports University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Fu Zhou
Fu Zhou
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Jinbao Chen
Jinbao Chen
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Qinghua Han
Qinghua Han
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Meifang Huang
Meifang Huang
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Xuan Tan
Xuan Tan
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Qiuyue Liu
Qiuyue Liu
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Qiang Pan
Qiang Pan
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Lu Zhang
Lu Zhang
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Xiaojuan Lei
Xiaojuan Lei
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Liangming Li
Liangming Li
Center for Scientific Research and Institute of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sports University, Guangzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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to 642 million by 2040 ( 1 ). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of all diabetes cases ( 2 ). Promising targets to improve glucose homeostasis are of particular interest. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of
Esben S Lauritzen
Esben S Lauritzen
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Nikolaj Rittig
Nikolaj Rittig
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Ermina Bach
Ermina Bach
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Niels Møller
Niels Møller
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Mette Bjerre
Mette Bjerre
The Medical Research Laboratories, Institute of Clinical Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Introduction Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis. It mediates glucose uptake by human adipocytes additively and independently to insulin ( 1 ). An increase in FGF21 leads to decreased
Feifei Cheng
Feifei Cheng
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Noel Yat Hey Ng
Noel Yat Hey Ng
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Claudia Ha Ting Tam
Claudia Ha Ting Tam
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Yuying Zhang
Yuying Zhang
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Cadmon King Poo Lim
Cadmon King Poo Lim
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Guozhi Jiang
Guozhi Jiang
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Alex Chi Wai Ng
Alex Chi Wai Ng
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Tiffany Tse Ling Yau
Tiffany Tse Ling Yau
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Lai Ping Cheung
Lai Ping Cheung
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Aimin Xu
Aimin Xu
Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Juliana C N Chan
Juliana C N Chan
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Ronald C W Ma
Ronald C W Ma
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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) family, FGF19 and FGF21, have been shown to be associated with obesity and diabetes ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). Moreover, serum FGF21 can predict the development of T2DM in the normal population, as well as being associated with incident coronary heart disease
Karim Gariani
Karim Gariani
Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Geneviève Drifte
Geneviève Drifte
Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Irène Dunn-Siegrist
Irène Dunn-Siegrist
Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Jérôme Pugin
Jérôme Pugin
Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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François R Jornayvaz
François R Jornayvaz
Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Introduction Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the FGF superfamily, consisting of FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 (1, 2, 3, 4) . Because they lack the conventional FGF-heparin-binding domain, these FGFs can escape the body's vast
Helle Keinicke
Helle Keinicke
Insulin and Device Trial Operations, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
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Gao Sun
Gao Sun
Pharmacology and Histopathology, Novo Nordisk A/S, China
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Caroline M Junker Mentzel
Caroline M Junker Mentzel
Department of Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Merete Fredholm
Merete Fredholm
Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Linu Mary John
Linu Mary John
Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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Birgitte Andersen
Birgitte Andersen
Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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Kirsten Raun
Kirsten Raun
Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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Marina Kjaergaard
Marina Kjaergaard
Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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at least 10% needs to be achieved ( 9 ). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone expressed primarily by the liver and adipose tissue. Treatment with FGF21 induces weight loss in rodents, non-human primates and early clinical trials ( 10 , 11
Amalie R Lanng
Amalie R Lanng
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Lærke S Gasbjerg
Lærke S Gasbjerg
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Natasha C Bergmann
Natasha C Bergmann
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Sigrid Bergmann
Sigrid Bergmann
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Mads M Helsted
Mads M Helsted
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Matthew P Gillum
Matthew P Gillum
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bolette Hartmann
Bolette Hartmann
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens J Holst
Jens J Holst
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tina Vilsbøll
Tina Vilsbøll
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Filip K Knop
Filip K Knop
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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constitute a potent stimulator of the liver-derived hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in humans ( 13 , 14 ). In rodents, FGF21 has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity ( 15 ) and decrease hepatic glucose production, and thus, play an
Carlijn A Hoekx
Carlijn A Hoekx
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Borja Martinez-Tellez
Borja Martinez-Tellez
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Nursing Physiotherapy and Medicine, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
Biomedical Research Unit, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Nursing Physiotherapy and Medicine, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
Biomedical Research Unit, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Almería, Spain
CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
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Maaike E Straat
Maaike E Straat
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Magdalena M A Verkleij
Magdalena M A Verkleij
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mirjam Kemmeren
Mirjam Kemmeren
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Sander Kooijman
Sander Kooijman
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Martin Uhrbom
Martin Uhrbom
Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Campus Flemingsberg, Neo Building, Huddinge, Sweden
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Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Campus Flemingsberg, Neo Building, Huddinge, Sweden
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Saskia C A de Jager
Saskia C A de Jager
Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Patrick C N Rensen
Patrick C N Rensen
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mariëtte R Boon
Mariëtte R Boon
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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that could enhance energy metabolism ( 15 ). Preclinical experiments have identified two batokines that have a prominent effect on energy balance: fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) ( 16 , 17 ). FGF21, when
Xiaoli Liu
Xiaoli Liu
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Lanxiang Liu
Lanxiang Liu
Department of Medical Imaging, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Rui Wang
Rui Wang
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Xiaojiao Jia
Xiaojiao Jia
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Binbin Liu
Binbin Liu
Department of Functional Examination, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Ning Ma
Ning Ma
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Qiang Lu
Qiang Lu
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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atherosclerosis. It is an accurate, reliable, and noninvasive detection index for the early diagnosis of peripheral arterial diseases ( 6 , 7 ). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic regulator that has multiple functions, such as reducing blood
Peiwen Zheng
Peiwen Zheng
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Fan Wang
Fan Wang
Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Hui Li
Hui Li
Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
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Hanlu Chen
Hanlu Chen
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Mengtong Li
Mengtong Li
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Haozheng Ma
Haozheng Ma
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Jue He
Jue He
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Li Chen
Li Chen
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Yanlong Liu
Yanlong Liu
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Haiyun Xu
Haiyun Xu
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), zinc, Cu, and iron in CSF. FGF21 is a metabolic cytokine involved in a plethora of tissue-specific effects (23, 24 , 25 , 26 ). Intracellular Zn 2+ plays an important role in mitochondrial function under
