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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) is the primary aetiology of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents, with a prevalence of about 1 in 10,000 ( 1 ). Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal disorders, occurring in nearly 1
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comorbidities were disability (12.4%), rare disease (10.6%), cardiovascular disease (8.5%), prematurity/immaturity (7.6%) and severe congenital physical/sensory/neurological deficits (4.7%). Moreover, 2.3% of our cohort had diabetes, 2.3% Down syndrome, 1
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Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Pediatrics Department, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil
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12.6 (4.8) years in males. At the time of admission to the pediatric endocrinology unit, the mean ( s.d .) age was 13 (3.4) years in females and 14 (3.9) years in males ( Fig. 1 ). Associated diseases were detected in five patients: Down syndrome
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Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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. ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-018-0976-2 ) 10 Viuff MH Stochholm K Uldbjerg N Nielsen BB Gravholt CH . Only a minority of sex chromosome abnormalities are detected by the Danish national prenatal screening program for Down syndrome . Human
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Genetics and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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. Regardless, the need for evidence-based treatment programs in KS is evident no matter the age of the individual. In the same context, it is noteworthy, that compared to Down syndrome, available information on the internet describes KS as a genetic and
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-seven children were excluded from the present study because of age less than 3 years and 14 children because of incomplete medical records, lost from follow-up, parents’ refusal or Down syndrome. Therapy was interrupted in 55 CH children for mean period of 30
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syndromes (i.e. Prader-Willi syndrome, Down syndrome) were excluded. All children have had a diagnosis of T1D according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria ( 16 ). All selected patients were treated with intensive insulin therapy consisting of
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with salt wasting CAH had Down syndrome. Genetic analysis was performed in thirty patients ( 16 ). Eight patients had ovotesticular DSD. Five of them were reared as males. They presented with varying degree of genital ambiguity and breast development
Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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obesity: the Prader-Willi and the down syndromes . Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 2007 56 1076 – 1080 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.016 ) 62 Bakker NE Siemensma EP Koopman C Hokken-Koelega AC Dietary energy intake
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Makarios Children's Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
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Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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The University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A 2007 143A 449 – 459 . ( https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31507 ) 202 Cimolin V Galli M Grugni G Vismara L Albertini G Rigoldi C & Capodaglio P . Gait patterns in Prader-Willi and Down syndrome patients