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-operative localisation of the overactive gland(s) is essential since surgical resection is the only curative modality. Appropriate management of HPT relies on proper pre-operative localisation, enhancing focused parathyroidectomy (FP) with minimal postoperative
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). In PTC patients, the preoperative central LN state is critical in the surgical decision. In patients with central LN metastasis, the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines recommend total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection (CND
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surgical treatment and a parameter for tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) classification ( 3 ). According to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, total thyroidectomy and postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy are recommended for PTCs >4 cm in
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the lymph node ratio (LNR) ( 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ). The LNR, which is defined as the number of LNs showing metastatic deposits divided by the number of LN resected, is suggested to be a superior prognostic variable, better-reflecting tumor burden and
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surgically resected nodules that harbored an EIF1AX mutation and showed that every single thyroid specimen with coexisting EIF1AX + RAS mutations was a carcinoma ( 65 ). Overall, there is growing evidence suggesting that, although RAS or EIF1AX