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Xin He Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Qin Yan Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Chazhen Liu Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Zhengyuan Wang Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Ping Liao Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Tong Liu Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Zehuan Shi Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Qi Song Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Xueying Cui Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Wenjing Wang Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Jiajie Zang Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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hyperthyroidism was defined as TSH concentration below the 2.5th percentile with an FT4 concentration above the 97.5thpercentile, while subclinical hyperthyroidism was defined as TSH concentration below the 2.5th percentile with an FT4 concentration within the

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Till Ittermann Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Rehman Mehmood Khattak Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar (CU), Peshawar, Pakistan

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Marcello R P Markus Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Jens-Peter Kühn Institute of Radiology, University Hospital, Carl-Gustav-Carus University, Dresden, Germany

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Marie-Luise Kromrey Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Giovanni Targher Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

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Antje Steveling Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Matthias Nauck Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany

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Henry Völzke Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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results of our study may stress that not only subclinical hypothyroidism but also hyperthyroidism is associated with increased hepatic fat particularly in obese individuals. However, one has to be cautious with these findings, and our results have to be

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Simona Censi Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Laura Salmaso Clinical Governance Unit, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Italy

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Filippo Ceccato Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Jacopo Manso Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy

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Ugo Fedeli Clinical Governance Unit, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Italy

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Mario Saia Clinical Governance Unit, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Italy

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Caterina Mian Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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associated with nodular goiter is quite well understood and thus the decrease in nodular goiter incidence with the improvement of iodine status is expected. The mechanism is slow and could take decades to go from euthyroidism to subclinical hyperthyroidism

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Ning Yuan Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Jianbin Sun Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xin Zhao Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Jing Du Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Min Nan Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Qiaoling Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xiaomei Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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> 4.0 µIU/mL) with thyroid autoantibody negativity in the first trimester of pregnancy. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (i) a history of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, (ii) subclinical hyperthyroidism or hyperthyroidism, (iii

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Waleed K W Al-Badri Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Hinke Marijke Jellema Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Arnaud R G G Potvin Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Ruth M A van Nispen Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peter H Bisschop Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peerooz Saeed Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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patients with subclinical and remitted hyperthyroidism . Klinische Wochenschrift 1990 68 552 – 558 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01667147 ) 61 Fahrenfort JJ Wilterdink AM & van der Veen EA . Long-term residual complaints and psychosocial

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Shi-en Fu Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Rou-mei Wang Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Xing-huan Liang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Jing Xian Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Jie Pan Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Xue-lan Chen Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Cheng-cheng Qiu Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Zhi-ping Tang Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Ying-fen Qin Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Hai-yan Yang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Li-li Huang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China

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Ya-qi Kuang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Yan Ma Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Zuo-jie Luo Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China

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Introduction Hyperthyroidism is described as thyrotoxicosis caused by inappropriately high synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones ( 1 ). The etiology of hyperthyroidism is classified into 12 categories, such as Graves’ disease (GD), toxic

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Sophie-Charlotte Drogge Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Mirjam Frank Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Carolin Girschik Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Karl-Heinz Jöckel Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Dagmar Führer-Sakel Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Börge Schmidt Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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association between TSH and SEP. Similarly, they showed that subclinical hyperthyroidism is positively associated with higher deprivation score values. However, subclinical hypothyroidism was more common in participants with the lowest deprivation score

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Ayse Nurcan Cebeci Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Vera Schempp Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany

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Katharina Förtsch Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Bettina Gohlke Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany

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Michaela Marx Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Helmuth-Guenther Dörr Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Joachim Woelfle Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) is the primary aetiology of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents, with a prevalence of about 1 in 10,000 ( 1 ). Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal disorders, occurring in nearly 1

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Brenda Anguiano Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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Carlos Montes de Oca Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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Evangelina Delgado-González Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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Carmen Aceves Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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score, tumor grade, and/or tumor percentage involvement, was reported in euthyroid patients ( 56 , 57 ). Overall, these data suggest that physiological increments of free T4 or subclinical (decrease in TSH levels) and frank hyperthyroidism (decrease in

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Bjarke R Medici Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Birte Nygaard Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jeppe L la Cour Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

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Martin Krakauer Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Andreas Brønden Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Mette P Sonne Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

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Jens J Holst Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens F Rehfeld Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Tina Vilsbøll Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

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Jens Faber Department of Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark

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pmol/L), and three participants were subclinically hypothyroid (TSH ≥ 10 mU/L with normal free thyroxine). Though we aimed for TSH within the reference range (<4.0 mU/L) from visit 2 and onward, one person had TSH of 4.7 mU/L at visit 2, and another

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