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in vitro and in vivo groups were highly associated with the ‘regulation of response to stress’ (GO: 0080135, fold enrichment of >5.00, FDR P = 0.0003) ( Fig. 2D ). Dynamic expression of differentially expressed genes in vivo and in vitro
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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(stress dose) during physical and/or psychological stress. Similarly, patients undergoing severe stress who have recently ceased GC treatment also require stress doses of GC ( 1 ). Common symptoms and signs of adrenal crisis include hypotension, abdominal
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stress doses of hydrocortisone (1.2 mg/day, ~200–300 mg/day human equivalent ( 2 )) resulted in further suppression of plasma ACTH concentrations after 7 days of critical illness as compared with infusion of placebo ( 3 ), without affecting plasma POMC
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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glucocorticoid treatment has been effective in improving outcomes in patients with hypoxemic COVID-19 ( 9 ). This suggests an inadequate physiological stress response in COVID-19 patients. Our findings do not support the presence of CIRCI at an enzymatic level in
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Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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salivary cortisol in response to social stress were found ( 81 ). Moreover, children exposed to antenatal synthetic GCs have been found to have an increased risk having of any mental or behavioural disorder during the lifetime ( 81 , 82 , 83 ), as well as
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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dosage of which should be increased under stressors, such as infection, trauma or surgery, to prevent life-threatening adrenal crises, with increased stress doses recommended for patients with PAI and COVID-19 (1, 2 , 3 ). Despite advancements in
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response, is a significant health risk for affected children during acute febrile illness and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality ( 3 , 6 ). Glucocorticoid replacement regimens during stress episodes, for example, during infection and sepsis
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daily. Her symptoms improved with steroid replacement, but she reported intermittent postural hypotension following night-time shift work which required additional stress hydrocortisone dosing. Five years after diagnosis, her synacthen test was
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hypertensive rat . Endocrinology 1982 111 219 – 224 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-111-1-219 ) 22 Sowers J Tuck M Asp ND Sollars E . Plasma aldosterone and corticosterone responses to adrenocorticotropin, angiotensin, potassium, and stress in
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-24 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (Synacthen®, Ciba Geigy, Basel, Switzerland). A value <500 nmol/L was diagnostic of cortisol deficiency. In 25 (28%) patients, the diagnosis was made on the basis of plasma cortisol <140 nmol/L alone at the time of acute stress at