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Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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-to-severe GO ( 21 , 22 , 23 ). Lastly, a second course of ivGC treatment or teleradiotherapy in combination with i.v. or oral steroids may be of benefit in selected patients as a second line of therapy. Nevertheless, studies provide only limited evidence to
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hepsen S Akhanli P Sencar ME Duger H Sakiz D Kizilgul M Ozturk Unsal I Ucan B Ozbek M & Cakal E . The evaluation of low- and high-dose steroid treatments in subacute thyroiditis: a retrospective observational study . Endocrine
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the true increase of PTC incidence ( 3 ). Although the mortality rate of PTC is very low ( 4 ), its prognostic factors deserve attention because of the large population base of incidence. 25(OH)D, a kind of steroid hormone mainly produced in skin
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ovariectomized rats . Steroids 2006 71 653 – 659 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2006.03.007 ) 17 Zhang Y Wei F Zhang J Hao L Jiang J Dang L Mei D Fan S Yu Y Jiang L . Bisphenol A and estrogen induce proliferation of human thyroid
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Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 infection, mimicking thyroid disorders ( 20 ). In another study, the authors reported that patients with active steroid-resistant GO had significantly reduced TRAb levels and that the condition of GO was
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. Furthermore, since LH acts on Leydig cells and promotes testosterone synthesis through the action of a series of steroid synthases, testicular Leydig cell function can be monitored through testosterone and LH serum levels. That is, when Leydig cells are
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, 84 , 85 ). Additionally, radiotherapy significantly improved the visual functioning aspect of GO-QoL, while eyelid lengthening and blepharoplasty significantly improved the appearance-related aspect of GO-QoL ( 17 , 83 ). Steroid treatment was also
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Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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931 – 934 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(6690536-8 ) 41 Matsuki S Yoda R & Momotani N . An evidence for the decrease of body muscle mass due to thyrotoxicosis and long term steroid therapy by means of height, weight and upper arm
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GO group. We excluded all patients treated with steroids, thyroid surgery, or radiotherapy from the present study. Patients were diagnosed with GO based upon European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) Guidelines, with GO CAS scores being evaluated
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steroid hormone receptor activity, growth factor binding, growth factor activity, cytokine receptor activity, semaphoring receptor binding, and chemorepellent activity. The top 10 BP, CC, and MF terms are listed in Fig. 3A . Figure 3 Functional