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likely to rise with it ( 3 ). The need for sleep changes as humans grow older. It is recommended that newborns sleep 14–17 h per day, but as humans reach the age of 18 years, the need for sleep stabilizes at 7–9 h of sleep per night ( 4 ). Insomnia is
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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( 8 ). Pre-clinical data demonstrates modulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA-A) receptor, and micronised progesterone treatment has been found to reduce sleep onset latency and to improve self-reported sleep outcomes in randomised
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growing body of literature suggesting that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can be added to the list of cardiometabolic disorders in PCOS. OSA is a relatively common and chronic sleep disorder characterized by recurrent complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea
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has been heavily studied ( 2 ). Serum levels of hGH vary considerably over the course of the day and during the night as it is dependent on a variety of factors including (and not limited to) the circadian rhythm, sleep–wake cycle, diet, metabolism
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Division of Interventional Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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drugs or hormonal therapy were excluded. Use of drugs or extensive abuse of alcohol was not allowed. Patients with further hormonal disturbances or known sleeping disorders were not enclosed. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration
Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors, that is, smoking, physical activity, sleeping habits, alcohol consumption, medication, self-reported health satisfaction, and prevalent diseases, were collected using computer-assisted personal interviews. Participants were
Bushfire and Natural Hazards Cooperative Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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European Union ( 3 ) regularly operating with on-call as part of their normal work scheduling. There are two main forms of on-call work: on-call on-site, where workers remain at work while on-call and are usually provided a place to sleep, and on-call from
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Makarios Children's Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Sussex Community NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
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insufficiency (CAI) are more rare. Other problems include scoliosis, which is related to hypotonia, respiratory difficulties, both central and obstructive sleep apnoea, as well as developmental delay and learning disabilities with temper tantrums, and skin
Division of Endocrinology, Division of Nephrology, Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine
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obtained using the Salivette (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) every 2 h except for the 2400–0400 h samples while the subjects were sleeping. Breakfast was provided at ∼0800 h, lunch was provided at ∼1200 h (after the blood draw), dinner was provided at ∼1700
National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
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hormone abnormalities (hypernatremia, central hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, adrenocortical insufficiency, and puberty-related disorders) and hyperprolactinemia. Patients may exhibit obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) during