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Mohamed Asrih
Mohamed Asrih
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Flore Sinturel
Flore Sinturel
Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Richard Dubos
Richard Dubos
Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
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Idris Guessous
Idris Guessous
Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
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Zoltan Pataky
Zoltan Pataky
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Charna Dibner
Charna Dibner
Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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François R Jornayvaz
François R Jornayvaz
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Karim Gariani
Karim Gariani
Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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identified as having prediabetes, a disorder that substantially increases the risk for diabetes ( 4 ). Thus, identification of relevant blood-based biomarkers allowing risk stratification in obese patients is required. As sex-specific differences in glucose
Magnus F G Grøndahl
Magnus F G Grøndahl
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Jonatan I Bagger
Jonatan I Bagger
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Malte P Suppli
Malte P Suppli
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Gerrit Van Hall
Gerrit Van Hall
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nicolai J W Albrechtsen
Nicolai J W Albrechtsen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Copenhagen, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens J Holst
Jens J Holst
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tina Vilsbøll
Tina Vilsbøll
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Mikkel B Christensen
Mikkel B Christensen
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Asger B Lund
Asger B Lund
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Filip K Knop
Filip K Knop
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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procedures used. The two main groups were carefully matched on age, sex, and BMI and differed significantly only on HbA1c and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The two main groups were intentionally recruited to provide two
Xinge Tao
Xinge Tao
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Yanbin Xue
Yanbin Xue
Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rui Niu
Rui Niu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Wenjing Lu
Wenjing Lu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Huayan Yao
Huayan Yao
Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chunmei He
Chunmei He
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Bin Cui
Bin Cui
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Changqin Liu
Changqin Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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the early-onset T2DM group, and this disproportion became larger by years consistently. This sex-specific difference was not found in the late-onset group. Table 1 Sex-specific difference in glucose-lowering medicine prescription. Year
Chenyu Jiang
Chenyu Jiang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Mi Zhou
Mi Zhou
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Huai Bai
Huai Bai
Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Meng Chen
Meng Chen
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chunyi Yang
Chunyi Yang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kaifeng Hu
Kaifeng Hu
Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yujie Wu
Yujie Wu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Qingqing Liu
Qingqing Liu
Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yangyu Zhao
Yangyu Zhao
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xinghui Liu
Xinghui Liu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ping Fan
Ping Fan
Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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cancer cells as direct activators of estrogen receptor alpha . Cancer Research 1999 59 4864 – 4869 . 41 Ding EL Song Y Malik VS Liu S . Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta
Laura Hasse
Laura Hasse
Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
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Dagmar Jamiolkowski
Dagmar Jamiolkowski
Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
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Felix Reschke
Felix Reschke
Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
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Kerstin Kapitzke
Kerstin Kapitzke
Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
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Jantje Weiskorn
Jantje Weiskorn
Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
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Olga Kordonouri
Olga Kordonouri
Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
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Torben Biester
Torben Biester
Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
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Hagen Ott
Hagen Ott
Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
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.9%, without sex differences ( 1 ). This trend has increased significantly during the coronavirus-19 pandemic, and the prevalence of diabetes has also increased continuously in recent years ( 2 ). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global
Yanmei Lou
Yanmei Lou
Department of Health Management, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Yanyan Zhang
Yanyan Zhang
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Ping Zhao
Ping Zhao
Department of Health Management, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Pei Qin
Pei Qin
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Changyi Wang
Changyi Wang
Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Jianping Ma
Jianping Ma
Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Xiaolin Peng
Xiaolin Peng
Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Hongen Chen
Hongen Chen
Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Dan Zhao
Dan Zhao
Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Shan Xu
Shan Xu
Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Li Wang
Li Wang
Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Ming Zhang
Ming Zhang
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Dongsheng Hu
Dongsheng Hu
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Fulan Hu
Fulan Hu
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.006 ) 32 Meyer MR Clegg DJ Prossnitz ER Barton M . Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes: sex differences and role of oestrogen receptors . Acta Physiologica 2011 203 259 – 269 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748
Marie Auzanneau
Marie Auzanneau
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Medical Faculty of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Alexander J Eckert
Alexander J Eckert
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Medical Faculty of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Andreas Fritsche
Andreas Fritsche
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Martin Heni
Martin Heni
Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Andrea Icks
Andrea Icks
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
Institute of Health Services Research and Health Economics, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Institute of Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Institute of Health Services Research and Health Economics, Center for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Institute of Health Services Research and Health Economics, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Annabel S Mueller-Stierlin
Annabel S Mueller-Stierlin
Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Hospital Ulm, Um, Germany
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, University Hospital Ulm, Um, Germany
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Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, University Hospital Ulm, Um, Germany
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Ana Dugic
Ana Dugic
Department of Gastroenterology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Medizincampus Oberfranken der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Bayreuth, Germany
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Alexander Risse
Alexander Risse
Diabetes Center at Sophie-Charlotte-Platz, Diabetes Foot Unit, Berlin, Germany
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Stefanie Lanzinger
Stefanie Lanzinger
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Medical Faculty of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Reinhard W Holl
Reinhard W Holl
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Medical Faculty of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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.41). Figure 4 Proportion of inpatient cases with a COVID-19 diagnosis in 2020 by sex and age group : Difference between cases with and without diabetes. *Significant ( P < 0.01); n.s., not significant (Chi-square test). Discussion This
Annalisa Blasetti
Annalisa Blasetti
Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Valeria Castorani
Valeria Castorani
Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Nella Polidori
Nella Polidori
Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Ilaria Mascioli
Ilaria Mascioli
Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Francesco Chiarelli
Francesco Chiarelli
Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Cosimo Giannini
Cosimo Giannini
Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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-SDS, height-SDS, BMI-SDS for age and sex were also obtained using the reference data for Italian population ( 17 ). Pubertal stage was defined according to Tanner’s stage for both sexes ( 18 ). Laboratory procedures and glycemic variability indexes In
Chaiho Jeong
Chaiho Jeong
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bongseong Kim
Bongseong Kim
Department of Medical Statistics, Soongsil University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jinyoung Kim
Jinyoung Kim
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hansang Baek
Hansang Baek
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mee Kyoung Kim
Mee Kyoung Kim
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tae-Seo Sohn
Tae-Seo Sohn
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ki-Hyun Baek
Ki-Hyun Baek
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ki-Ho Song
Ki-Ho Song
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hyun-Shik Son
Hyun-Shik Son
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kyungdo Han
Kyungdo Han
Department of Medical Statistics, Soongsil University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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(age, sex, socioeconomic variables, type of eligibility, and so on), a medical treatment database (based on medical bills claimed by medical service providers for medical expenses), a health examination database (general health examinations and
Xiaobing Lu
Xiaobing Lu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jiang Yue
Jiang Yue
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Qianjing Liu
Qianjing Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Shengyun He
Shengyun He
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ying Dong
Ying Dong
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ming Zhang
Ming Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yicheng Qi
Yicheng Qi
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Minglan Yang
Minglan Yang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang Zhang
Wang Zhang
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Hua Xu
Hua Xu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Qing Lu
Qing Lu
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Jing Ma
Jing Ma
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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continuous variables. Differences between the subjects in NGT and IGR groups were assessed by either an independent sample t -test (numerical variables of normal distribution) or Mann–Whitney U test (numerical variables of skewed distribution). The chi
