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Liselot Koelman Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

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Robin Reichmann Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany

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Claudia Börnhorst Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany

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Matthias B Schulze Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany

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Cornelia Weikert Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany

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Ronald Biemann Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

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Berend Isermann Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

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Andreas Fritsche Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Krasimira Aleksandrova Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

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simultaneously evaluate multiple lifestyle factors in relation to chemerin concentrations are lacking. We therefore aimed to identify main statistical predictors as potentially important determinants of elevated chemerin concentrations among a wide range of

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Elinor Chelsom Vogt Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

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Francisco Gómez Real Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

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Eystein Sverre Husebye Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

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Sigridur Björnsdottir Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Bryndis Benediktsdottir Medical Faculty, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavík, Reykjavik, Iceland

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Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Pascal Demoly University Hospital of Montpellier, IDESP, Univ Montpellier-Inserm, Montpellier, France

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Karl Anders Franklin Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Leire Sainz de Aja Gallastegui Unit of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Health, Basque Government, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

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Francisco Javier Callejas González Department of Respiratory Medicine, Albacete University Hospital, Albacete, Spain

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Joachim Heinrich Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Mathias Holm Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Nils Oscar Jogi Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Benedicte Leynaert Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1018, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Integrative Respiratory Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France

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Eva Lindberg Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Andrei Malinovschi Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jesús Martínez-Moratalla Pneumology Service of the General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete, Spain
Albacete Faculty of Medicine, Castilla-La Mancha University, Albacete, Spain

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Raúl Godoy Mayoral Department of Respiratory Medicine, Albacete University Hospital, Albacete, Spain

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Anna Oudin Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Antonio Pereira-Vega Juan Ramón Jiménez University Hospital in Huelva, Huelva, Spain

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Chantal Raherison Semjen INSERM, EpiCene Team U1219, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France

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Vivi Schlünssen Department of Public Health, Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Kai Triebner Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Marianne Øksnes Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

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Introduction Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstrual periods and usually occurs around 50 years of age ( 1 ). Timing of menopause is influenced by genetics in addition to environmental and lifestyle factors including

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Mojca Jensterle Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Nika Aleksandra Kravos Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Simona Ferjan Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Katja Goricar University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Vita Dolzan University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Andrej Janez Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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used metformin for a relatively brief period ( 5 , 6 ). Low-quality evidence supports the use of metformin for women with PCOS and glucose intolerance when lifestyle intervention (LSI) is insufficient and for the management of menstrual irregularity

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Julia Beckhaus Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
Division of Epidemiology and Biometry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany

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Maria Eveslage Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

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Brigitte Bison Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

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Carsten Friedrich Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Hermann L Müller Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors influence the development of ‘general’ obesity not caused by sellar masses and deficiency of the hypothalamic-pituitary axes. According to the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and

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Jing Wang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China
Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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Leishen Wang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Huikun Liu Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Shuang Zhang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Junhong Leng Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Weiqin Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Tao Zhang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Nan Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Wei Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Andrea A Baccarelli Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA

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Lifang Hou Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Gang Hu Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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/month), and occupation; pregnancy outcomes (prepregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age and the number of births in the index pregnancy) and lifestyle in the past year, such as smoking status (non-smokers, former smokers and current

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Marcela Moraes Mendes Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Patricia Borges Botelho Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

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Helena Ribeiro Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1467-z ) 19 Lips P van Schoor NM de Jongh RT . Diet, sun, and lifestyle as determinants of vitamin D status . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2014 1317 92 – 98 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12443 ) 20

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Panisa Hantrakun Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Rattanaporn Sekararithi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Thidarat Jaiwongkam Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Sirinart Kumfu Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Chatree Chai-adisaksopha Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Nipon Chattipakorn Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Theera Tongsong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Phudit Jatavan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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, 19 ). MPV was significantly increased in pregnant women with GDM compared with healthy pregnant women ( 20 ). The pathogenesis for increased MPV in GDM has been suggested that insulin resistance is a major determinant of platelet activation which can

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Natércia Neves Marques de Queiroz University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Franciane Trindade Cunha de Melo University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Fabrício de Souza Resende University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Luísa Corrêa Janaú University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Norberto Jorge Kzan de Souza Neto University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Manuela Nascimento de Lemos University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Ana Carolina Lobato Virgolino University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Maria Clara Neres Iunes de Oliveira University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Angélica Leite de Alcântara University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Lorena Vilhena de Moraes University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Tiago Franco David University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Wanderson Maia da Silva University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Scarlatt Souza Reis University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Márcia Costa dos Santos University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Ana Carolina Contente Braga de Souza University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Pedro Paulo Freire Piani University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Neyla Arroyo Lara Mourão University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Karem Mileo Felício University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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João Felício Abrahão Neto University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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João Soares Felício University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Endocrinology Division, Belem, Pará, Brazil

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Americans with European and African ancestry with similar lifestyles and demographic conditions, demonstrated that those with African ancestry had lower 25(OH)D values. Both studies suggest that specific ethnic and genetic determinants may influence vitamin

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Malin Nylander Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Signe Frøssing Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Caroline Kistorp Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Jens Faber Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Sven O Skouby Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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risk of VTE in PCOS. Lifestyle intervention and metformin are mainstays in the treatment of PCOS, aiming at reducing body weight and insulin resistance. In women with PCOS, metformin has been found to reduce PAI-1 activity and levels of hsCRP to a

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Sigrid Bjerge Gribsholt Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Morten Schmidt Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Eskild Bendix Kristiansen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Bjørn Richelsen Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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Henrik Toft Sørensen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

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altered heart structure ( 7 ). Despite the increase in obesity during the past decades ( 1 ), CVD mortality has declined in European countries and in the USA ( 12 , 13 ). This decrease might be attributable to improvements in other lifestyle factors

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