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Giovanni Fanni Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Petros Katsogiannos Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Bipasha Nandi Jui Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Magnus Sundbom Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Susanne Hetty Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Maria J Pereira Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jan W Eriksson Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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GH/IGF-I axis in severe obesity – and a comparison with GH deficiency . European Journal of Endocrinology 2006 154 53 – 59 . ( https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02069 ) 28 Devesa J The complex world of regulation of pituitary growth hormone secretion

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Zhandong Lei Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Yunfei Chen Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Jin Wang Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Yan Zhang Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Wenjuan Shi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Xuejiao Wang Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Dehai Xing Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Dongxue Li Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Xiangying Jiao Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a deficiency in the functional pancreatic β-cell mass and decreased numbers of β cells cause insufficiency of insulin secretion, which constitutes the key mechanism of DM ( 4 ). Pancreatic β-cell replacement and regeneration

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Svjatoslavs Kistkins Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Othmar Moser Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

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Vitālijs Ankudovičs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Dmitrijs Blizņuks Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

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Timurs Mihailovs Institute of Smart Computing Technologies, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia

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Sergejs Lobanovs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia

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Harald Sourij Trials Unit for Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetolgoy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas F H Pfeiffer Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany

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Valdis Pīrāgs Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia

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-body insulin resistance ( 8 , 9 ). This article aims to not only observe novel strategies in the treatment of diabesity but also to describe the unique qualities of previously unseen hormone cross links between insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1. Overview of

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Nobuo Matsuura Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

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Tadashi Kaname Department of Genome Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan

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Norio Niikawa Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan

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Yoshihide Ooyama Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

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Osamu Shinohara Shinohara Child Clinic, Machida, Japan

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Yukifumi Yokota Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

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Shigeyuki Ohtsu Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

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Noriyuki Takubo Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

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Kazuteru Kitsuda Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

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Keiko Shibayama Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

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Fumio Takada Department of Medical Genetics, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, Sagamihara, Japan

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Akemi Koike Miyanosawa Child Clinic, Sapporo, Japan

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Hitomi Sano Department of Pediatric, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan

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Yoshiya Ito Department of Clinical Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Hospital Collage of Nursing, Kitami, Japan

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Kenji Ishikura Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

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(PPHP) ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). There is a question as to whether patients do or do not display abnormal mineral metabolism associated with resistance to PTH and/or resistance to other hormones that bind G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) linked to Gsα, as

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Annalisa Blasetti Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

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Valeria Castorani Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

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Nella Polidori Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

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Ilaria Mascioli Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

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Francesco Chiarelli Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

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Cosimo Giannini Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

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under-insulinization ( 3 ). These effects are mainly related to the role of insulin in the regulation of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis. In fact, normal insulin secretion and adequate portal insulin levels are necessary

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Yi Jia School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

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Yanan Yang School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

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Jing Qu School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

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Lijun Yin School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

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Xiaohui Wang School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

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them. These results indicated that chemerin deficiency contributed to the improvements of blood lipid and reduction of adipocyte sizes of HFD mice, and exercise-induced improvements of the abovementioned indicators were likely to be mediated by the

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Yi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Wen Zhang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yuying Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ningjian Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingli Lu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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hormone deficiency . Hormone and Metabolic Research 2016 48 331 – 337 . ( https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-105150 ) 52 Polovina SP Miljic D Zivojinovic S Milic N Micic D Brkic VP . The impact of thyroid autoimmunity (TPOAb) on bone density

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Sarantis Livadas Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece

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Christina Bothou Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland

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Ralitsa Robeva Ushate ‘acad. IV. Penchev’, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Andromahi Vryonidou Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Jelica Bjekic Macut Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Ioannis Androulakis Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece

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Milica Opalic Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Zadalla Mouslech 1st Medical Propedeutic, Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Andrej Milewicz Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland

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Alessandra Gambineri Department of Medical and Surgical Science-DIMEC Endocrinology Unit, University of Bologna – S. Orsola-Mapighi Hospital, Italy

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Dimitrios Panidis Gynaecological Endocrinology Infirmary of the Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Djuro Macut Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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studies suggests that there is no inherent T2DM risk in PCOS and that, instead, it is a result of either increased BMI, of androgens, and/or of low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) values ( 10 ). However, PCOS constitutes a polygenic trait and the

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Felix Reschke Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Torben Biester Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Thekla von dem Berge Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Dagmar Jamiolkowski Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Hannover, Germany

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Laura Hasse Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Hannover, Germany

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Francesca Dassie Padua University Hospital, Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova, Veneto, Italy

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Pietro Maffei Padua University Hospital, Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova, Veneto, Italy

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Katharina Klee Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Olga Kordonouri Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Hagen Ott Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Hannover, Germany

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Thomas Danne Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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mucosa ( 40 ). Pseudohypoparathyroidism In pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), symptoms of parathyroid hypofunction (hypoparathyroidism) appear without a deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood. The parathormone effect is absent due to

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Peter Wolf Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Alexandre Dormoy Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Luigi Maione Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Sylvie Salenave Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Jacques Young Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Peter Kamenický Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Philippe Chanson Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Introduction Acromegaly results in a clinical syndrome following increased serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). If not adequately treated, GH excess is associated with increased morbidity and

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