Introduction Following secretion from the anterior pituitary, human growth hormone (GH) is transported throughout the body, exerting its effects via GH receptors on virtually every cell of the body. In addition to muscle and bone growth, GH is
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Kennett Sprogøe, Eva Mortensen, David B Karpf, and Jonathan A Leff
M Ahmid, C G Perry, S F Ahmed, and M G Shaikh
Introduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is an endocrine condition that can potentially impact on an individual’s life from childhood, adolescence to young adulthood and beyond. In UK, the prevalence of congenital childhood-onset GHD (CO
Werner F Blum, Abdullah Alherbish, Afaf Alsagheir, Ahmed El Awwa, Walid Kaplan, Ekaterina Koledova, and Martin O Savage
Introduction The growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis is the principle endocrine system regulating linear growth in children ( 1 ). Linked to the nutritional status of the individual, GH is a potent stimulator of IGF
Charlotte Höybye, Andreas F H Pfeiffer, Diego Ferone, Jens Sandahl Christiansen, David Gilfoyle, Eva Dam Christoffersen, Eva Mortensen, Jonathan A Leff, and Michael Beckert
Introduction Hypothalamic–pituitary diseases and/or injury can lead to adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) ( 1 ). The decrease (or total loss) of growth hormone (GH) production, with a subsequent disruption in the hormone’s relationship
Sheila Leone, Lucia Recinella, Annalisa Chiavaroli, Claudio Ferrante, Giustino Orlando, Michele Vacca, Roberto Salvatori, and Luigi Brunetti
Introduction Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in addition to their recognised metabolic and endocrine effects, play a pivotal role in brain functions ( 1 , 2 ). Serum GH and IGF-1
Urszula Smyczyńska, Joanna Smyczyńska, Maciej Hilczer, Renata Stawerska, Ryszard Tadeusiewicz, and Andrzej Lewiński
Introduction Growth hormone (GH) therapy is widely approved in children with short stature caused by GH deficiency (GHD). It has also been documented that GH therapy may be beneficial in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS); however
Jin Kyu Oh, Young Jae Im, Kwanjin Park, and Jae-Seung Paick
frequent causes include growth hormone (GH) deficiencies and idiopathic functional abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis, and overt abnormalities are generally absent under these conditions ( 2 , 3 ). Patients with micropenis are
Robert Rapaport, Peter A Lee, Judith L Ross, Paul Saenger, Vlady Ostrow, and Giuseppe Piccoli
Introduction Treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (GH) is widely utilized for improving height in children with growth failure and conditions in which it is efficacious, including isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD
Sarmistha Banerjee, Allison M Hayes, and Bernard H Shapiro
of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 ( 3 , 4 ) while in the case of mice, males express greater levels of CYP2D9 ( 2 ). (ii) The sexual dimorphisms in CYP expression are determined by sex differences in the circulating growth hormone (GH) profiles in adulthood. More
María L Bacigalupo, Verónica G Piazza, Nadia S Cicconi, Pablo Carabias, Andrzej Bartke, Yimin Fang, Ana I Sotelo, Gabriel A Rabinovich, María F Troncoso, and Johanna G Miquet
, alcohol abuse or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Regardless of the carcinogenic insult, it usually develops in patients with cirrhosis due to chronic inflammation and advanced fibrosis ( 2 ). Growth hormone (GH) is a major regulator of body growth and
