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Shams Ali Baig College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Kashish Malhotra Department of Surgery, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Anagh Josh Banerjee College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Mukunth Kowsik College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Khushi Kumar College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Fazna Rahman College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Syeda Sabbah Batul College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Mohammed Faraaz Saiyed College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Vardhan Venkatesh College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Pranav Viswanath Iyer College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Punith Kempegowda Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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. This can be disadvantageous as most patients and healthcare professionals are not experienced in filtering this information. To ensure the dissemination of peer-reviewed, evidence-based medicine on YouTube®, Concise Medical Information Cines (CoMICs

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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hyperthyroidism and supporting evidence from experimental and human studies, and we discuss methodological aspects and implications for scientific and clinical practice. The hypothesis of fetal programming Fetal programming is a concept within reproductive

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Marcela Moraes Mendes Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Patricia Borges Botelho Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

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Helena Ribeiro Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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exposure of the skin to UV rays, whilst it can also be ingested through diet ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Over the past two decades, there has been intensifying robust scientific evidence that vitamin D inadequacy is a significant public health issue not only across

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Henry Zelada Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

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M Citlalli Perez-Guzman Internal Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Centro Médico ABC, Mexico City, Mexico

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Daniel R Chernavvsky Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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Rodolfo J Galindo Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Miami, Florida, USA

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the widespread use of insulin sliding scales, a reactive approach to management, waiting for hyperglycemia to occur to correct it ( 1 , 2 ). As new evidence became available, the optimal management of hyperglycemia in the hospital evolved. The

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Ya-Fen Hu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Department of Endocrinology, The People’s Hospital of Daxing District, Beijing, China

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Lin Hua Department of Mathematics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xiu Tuo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ting-Ting Shi Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yi-Lin Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yun-Fu Liu Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong-Yu Yan Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong Xin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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the orbital architecture of GO patients. Accumulating evidence postulated two subtypes of GO: one with predominant extraocular muscle enlargement and the other one with predominant retrobulbar connective and fat tissue involvement ( 9 , 10 ). Some

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Stefan Pilz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Armin Zittermann Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany

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Christian Trummer Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Verena Theiler-Schwetz Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Elisabeth Lerchbaum Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin H Keppel University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

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Martin R Grübler Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Winfried März Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Synlab Medical Center of Human Genetics Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

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Marlene Pandis Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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, 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ). In this brief narrative review, we give an overview on clinical and nutritional vitamin D guidelines and summarize the current evidence on the role of vitamin D for human health with its subsequent

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Dirk-Jan van Beek Department of Endocrine Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Rachel S van Leeuwaarde Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Carolina R C Pieterman Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Menno R Vriens Department of Endocrine Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Gerlof D Valk Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Parelsnoer Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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the DutchMEN Study Group
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Introduction Rare diseases that affect less than one in 2000 people, pose challenges in supporting patients and physicians with evidence-based guidelines of sufficient quality ( 1 ). Medical decision making becomes challenging when guidelines

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Xinge Tao Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Yanbin Xue Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Rui Niu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Wenjing Lu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Huayan Yao Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chunmei He Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Bin Cui Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Changqin Liu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Database (SHLD) to provide new real-world evidence for the management and therapy of T2DM. Methods Data source Data in this study were extracted from SHLD, which included electronic health records (EHRs) for patients from 37 tertiary hospitals

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Unni Syversen Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Department of Endocrinology, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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Mats Peder Mosti Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Medical Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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Ida Maria Mynarek Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

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Trude Seselie Jahr Vedal Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway

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Kristin Aasarød Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Department of Gastroenterology, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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Trude Basso Department of Orthopedics, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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Janne E Reseland Department of Biomaterials, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

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Per Medbøe Thorsby Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Bjorn O Asvold Department of Endocrinology, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway

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Erik Fink Eriksen Department of Biomaterials, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

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Astrid Kamilla Stunes Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Medical Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital (St Olavs Hospital), Trondheim, Norway

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preponderance of evidence suggests that statins are associated with an increment in BMD ( 46 ). On the other hand, the use of ACE inhibitors, but not ARBs, was associated with a small but significantly greater bone loss at the total hip over 4 years in older men

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Alicia Romano Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA

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Juan Pablo Kaski Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital & UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK

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Jovanna Dahlgren Department of Paediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Nicky Kelepouris US Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA

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Alberto Pietropoli Global Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zurich, Switzerland

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Tilman R Rohrer Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany

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Michel Polak Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynaecology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France

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physician considered the event unlikely to be related to GH treatment. In conclusion, the evidence suggests a favourable safety profile of GH treatment in patients with NS, including those with cardiovascular comorbidities and those receiving concomitant

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