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Christos Tsatsanis Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece

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Angel Elenkov Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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Irene Leijonhufvud Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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Katerina Vaporidi Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Åsa Tivesten Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Aleksander Giwercman Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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hormones in immune responses and inflammatory diseases has been well established. Women are more prone to autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases than men ( 1 , 2 ). Several factors have been suggested as causes of the differences among men and women in

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0456
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Giuseppe Grande Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Andrea Graziani Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Antonella Di Mambro Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Riccardo Selice Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Alberto Ferlin Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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-analyses have been undertaken to identify additional clinical risk factors that – apart from BMD – may be used in case-finding strategies, to predict the risk of fractures in patients with osteoporosis. The Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX® tool) analyzes

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0058
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 8
Open access
Mette Bøgehave Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital South West Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

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Dorte Glintborg Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
OPEN, Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Jørgen Brodersen Gram Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital South West Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

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Else-Marie Bladbjerg Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital South West Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

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Marianne Skovsager Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Johannes Jakobsen Sidelmann Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital South West Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

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, physiological doses of testosterone to elderly men with hypogonadism induce no significant change in the coagulation system in terms of tissue factor (TF)-induced thrombin generation ( 20 ), whereas another study in men without hypogonadism points towards a TRT

Article Type:
Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0455
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Meghnaa Hebbar College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Halimah Khalil College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Nawal Zia College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Jameela Sheikh College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Eka Melson University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

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Meri Davitadze Clinic NeoLab, Tbilisi, Georgia

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Helena Gleeson Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Tejal Lathia Apollo Hospitals, Mumbai, India

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Chitra Selvan Department of Endocrinology, M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, India

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Punith Kempegowda Clinic NeoLab, Tbilisi, Georgia
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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PCOS SEva Working Group
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PCOS SEva Working Group

clinic consultation. Patients are also screened and advised for lifestyle factors: healthy diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and alcohol consumption. Bengaluru, India. This is a tertiary Reproductive Endocrine clinic in a private setting with a

Article Type:
Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0179
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 11
Open access
Zheng Chen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

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Haixia Zeng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

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Qiulan Huang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

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Cuiping Lin Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

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Xuan Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

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Shaohua Sun Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

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Jian-ping Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of childbearing age, with an estimated global prevalence of 4–21% ( 1 ). PCOS is a heterogeneous disease that is clinically characterized by oligo

Article Type:
Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0428
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access
Lukas Ochsner Ridder Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine and Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Agnethe Berglund Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Kirstine Stochholm Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine and Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Simon Chang Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine and Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark

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Claus H Gravholt Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine and Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark

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and diseases in KS males. * Testosterone may possibly positively impact several features of KS ( 12 ). Endocrine diseases with autoimmune components are seen more frequently in KS patients compared to men from the background population. The

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Review Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0024
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 5
Open access
Michael C Velarde Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon, Metro Manila, Philippines

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Mikaela Erlinda M Bucu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines

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Maria Antonia E Habana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines

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time and develop into a more severe form of the disease. It is important to point out, however, that there are still many factors to consider when comparing incidences and clinical presentations across ethnic groups, as it is still unclear whether these

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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0169
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 11
Open access
Nathalie Ly Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Sophie Dubreuil Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Philippe Touraine Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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Introduction Growth hormone (GH) is a pituitary hormone with pleiotropic effects. After being secreted into the general circulation, GH binds to its receptor with subsequent direct effects and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-mediated effects

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Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0241
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Pamela Stratton Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Neelam Giri Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Sonia Bhala Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Martha M Sklavos Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA

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Blanche P Alter Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Sharon A Savage Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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Ligia A Pinto Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA

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the general population, although the risk in DBA is not as high as in FA or DC/TBD ( 4 ). Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily ( 16 , 17 ). AMH is a key factor in cell proliferation

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Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0510
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access
Jennifer K Y Ko Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Jinghua Shi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China

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Raymond H W Li Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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William S B Yeung Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Ernest H Y Ng Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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25(OH)D > 50 and <75 mmol/L in accordance with the Endocrine Society criteria ( 28 ). Serum 25(OH)D levels of >75 nmol/L were considered replete. Women who were vitamin D insufficient and replete were grouped together as the non-deficient group and

Article Type:
Research Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0444
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access