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methodological framework of the dsd-LIFE study have been published earlier ( 8 ). Men with KS were asked to fill out a digital patient-reported outcome (PRO) form that comprised validated and self-constructed questionnaires on health status, mental health, QOL
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engagement, age of diagnosis, testosterone therapy and physical and mental health status, and to compare values to a European Social Surveys (ESS) reference population. Methods Study population This study was part of the European dsd-LIFE study, a
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Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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with osteoporosis, which is frequent in subjects with KS, a condition representing a growing public health problem with a noteworthy impact on the quality and quantity of life ( 18 ). It is defined as a silent skeletal disorder characterized by an
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Fertility, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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measured on a digital electronic scale with a precision of 0.1 kg. Body mass index (BMI, weight/height 2 (kg/m 2 )) was calculated. The patients were measured and weighed on the same day as DXA was performed. Whole-body DXA Whole-body DXA scans
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of the iliac crest, and HC was measured at the level of maximal protrusion of the gluteal muscles ( 25 , 27 ). Blood pressure was measured using OMRON digital sphygmomanometer, after sitting for at least 15 min. BMI was calculated as weight (kg
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National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria in 30 women, who were all part of the study as they matched the inclusion criteria ( Fig. 1 ). The diagnosis of PCOS according to the NIH criteria included the presence of oligo/amenorrhea with hirsutism
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-0515 . Declaration of interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests to declare. Funding This work was supported by KAUST Smart Health Initiative grant REI/1/4471-01-01 to A A and baseline funding (BAS 1077-01-01) to A A