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reliable assessment tool for patients, even to evaluate the effects of different treatments ( 7 , 8 , 9 ). Furthermore, many studies have reported the association of thyroid dysfunction and GD with psychiatric disorders, mainly depression and anxiety
Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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as depression and impaired mental well-being ( 3 ). Earlier, we demonstrated that HRQoL is impaired in women using levothyroxine compared with those not using levothyroxine ( 4 ). Several possible causes of reduced HRQoL in hypothyroidism have been
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bone fractures ( 6 ). Even psychological symptoms such as depression ( 7 ) or reduced quality of life ( 8 ) are associated with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Because thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) reacts strong to minor changes in thyroid hormone
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factors include childhood adversity, history of depression, trait anxiety, and loneliness. The perpetuating factors involve a cognitive process characterized by a lack of confidence with an expectation of negative outcomes, reductions in physical activity
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Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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, suggesting that a benign molecular test result provided similar reassurance of a low risk of malignancy ( 24 ). Patients who underwent diagnostic surgery for a suspicious molecular test result showed deteriorated goitre, depression, and anxiety scores at the