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Zhengrong Jiang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Linghong Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lijun Chen Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Jingxiong Zhou Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Bo Liang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Xuefeng Bai Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lizhen Wu Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Huibin Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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insight into the relationship between circRNAs and GD is still required. Cytokines are a group of small molecules secreted by a variety of tissue cells (mainly immune cells), which play a central role in initiating immune cascades through their receptors

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0030
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 11
Open access
Fei Wu Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chaoming Mao Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Xiao Mou Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chengcheng Xu Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Tingting Zheng Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Ling Bu Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China

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Xuan Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Qingyan Lu Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China

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Xuefeng Wang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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, and other cytokines). However, the pathogenesis of HT is still not fully clear. One of the histopathological hallmarks of HT is lymphocyte infiltration into the thyroid gland. The recruitment of these lymphocytes into the site of inflammation is a

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0451
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Xiao-Shan Huang Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Ning Dai Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Jian-Xia Xu Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Jun-Yi Xiang Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Xiao-Zhong Zheng Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Tian-Yu Ke Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Lin-Ying Ma Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Qi-Hao Shi Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Shu-Feng Fan Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that chronic

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0477
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 5
Open access
Jakub Supronik Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Małgorzata Szelachowska Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Adam Kretowski Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Katarzyna Siewko Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL6), IL12, or IL17 ( 8 , 9 ). Specific chemokines that are also related to the pathogenesis of this disease include C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, CXCL11, and their receptor chemokine receptor

Article Type:
Review Article
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Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0303
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Tian Zhou School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Dai-wei Zhao School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
Department of Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Ning Ma School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Xue-ying Zhu School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Xing-hong Chen Department of Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Xue Luo Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Song Chen School of Clinical Medicine, GuiZhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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Qing-jun Gao Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

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mainly enriched in allograft rejection, chemokine signaling pathway, and cytokine receptor interaction. After considering the results of the GSEA, it was concluded that FOXP4 might be highly correlated with immune and inflammation responses, suggesting

Article Type:
Research Article
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Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0390
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 4
Open access
Bushra Shahida Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Tereza Planck Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Tania Singh Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Peter Åsman Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Mikael Lantz Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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further T-cell infiltration. Orbital fibroblasts are activated by CD40 ligation, which induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ). TSHR autoantibodies are then produced by B cells, which also interact with CD4+ T

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0374
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 6
Open access
Camila Aparecida Moma Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Icléia Siqueira Barreto Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ligia Vera Montali Assumpção Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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production), Th17 (inflammation), or T reg (immunosuppression) activation may occur ( 17 , 18 ). Once Th17 is activated, IL-17 stimulation results in the production of cytokines that recruit more effector cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0135
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 8
Open access
Qing Zhou Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Li Yong Zhang Department of Thyroid Surgery, Minimal Invasive Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Mei Feng Dai Department of Clinical Lab, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Zhen Li Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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Chao Chun Zou Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

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Hui Liu Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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/GSK3β pathway ( 14 ). Adipose tissue is also known to secrete a variety of cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, which are associated with a pro-inflammatory state that is related to insulin resistance. More importantly, TNF-α and IL-6 are critical

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0302
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 8
Open access
Yukari Maki Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiyomi Horiuchi Department of Endocrine Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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Takahiro Okamoto Department of Endocrine Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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. proposed the following hypotheses: anaemia, ATP dysregulation, vagal afferent nerve activation, and interaction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis/cytokines with serotonin dysregulation ( 32 , 33 ). Of these, Bower focused on the cytokine

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0506
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Ru-Xuan Zhao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ting-Ting Shi Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Sha Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yun-Fu Liu Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong Xin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jin-Kui Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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activity. Lacrimal acinar cells express TSHR ( 12 ), and the expression of ICAM-1 in lacrimal gland epithelial cells and lymphocytes in GO patients is significantly elevated in relation to the normal control group ( 13 ). A study of cytokines and chemokines

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0590
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access