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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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of OP is influenced by many factors, such as sex hormone deficiency, calcium and vitamin D deficiency, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, disturbance of inflammatory cytokines induced by inflammatory diseases, etc., resulting in decreased
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, myocardial fibrosis ( 14 , 15 , 16 ), abnormal expression of cytokines and disordered immunocyte function ( 17 , 18 , 19 ). Although vitamin D synthesis defects are supposed to be ameliorated by KT, vitamin D deficiency persists in most KTRs ( 20
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important osteoblastic function in mineral homeostasis is regulation (via cross-talk) of the resorptive action of OC ( 14 ). Osteoclastogenesis involves the recruitment of CFU-GM via cytokines such as M-CSF and IL3 to form a pre-OC that expresses receptor
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vitamin D reduces the ability of the immune system to modulate the over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and underproduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines commonly seen in severe infections, including COVID-19 illness, that increase the risks of
School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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). These T cell phenotypes require specific cytokines (shown next to arrows). Production of 1,25D by antigen-presenting cells may result in paracrine effects on adjacent VDR-expressing T cells leading to the down or up-regulation of specific T cell
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. Cytokines as a key component of cancer-related inflammation . Cytokine 2008 43 374 – 379 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.014 ) 20 Goto W Kashiwagi S Asano Y Takada K Takahashi K Hatano T Takashima T Tomita S Motomura H
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lymphocytes can initiate cascades of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and trigger the aggregation of inflammatory cells ( 28 , 29 ). The homeostasis of bone function is thereby disrupted, which generally favors osteoclast-induced bone resorption
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Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany
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of asprosin, irisin, and other cytokines – a comparison between sexes . Frontiers in Physiology 2018 9 1782. ( https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01782 ) 23 Miyata G Meguid MM Fetissov SO Torelli GF Kim HJ . Nicotine’s effect on
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vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D and skeletal FGF23 synthesis Skeletal secretion of FGF23 is regulated by local and systemic factors, including calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, PTH, leptin, iron, acidosis, and inflammatory cytokines ( Fig. 2 ) ( 18
PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203/INSERM U661/Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Département de Biochimie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Département d’Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Département d’Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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the synthesis and release of various cytokines or peptides in response to muscular contraction or various stimuli ( 22 ). These muscle-secreting factors are called ‘myokines’ and they also biochemically affect bone metabolism in both endocrine and