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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GR-α) activity observed in critical illness, which is characterized by reduced GR-α density. GR-α functions by binding to specific DNA regions and facilitating their transcription, which can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines, among
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Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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symptoms to a severe course of infection with pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hyperinflammation and cytokine storm, responsible for the high rate of hospitalizations and deaths ( 2 , 3 ). Besides the expression of ACE2 receptor and
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infection is currently not delineated. Diabetes can impair macrophage function as well as cytokine signaling, both of which may be important for protection against AH. Patients with an autoimmune etiology had a larger proportion of females, an earlier
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Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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. Maternal stress Prenatal maternal stress has been linked with long-term changes in the immune system in the offspring, including increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α ( 84 ), as well as higher insulin levels and BMI ( 85 ), altered DNA