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Clara Lundetoft Clausen Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Trine Holm Johannsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Linda Maria Hilsted Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Erik Skakkebæk Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Pal Bela Szecsi Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark

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Lise Pedersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark

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Thomas Benfield Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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dysfunction as the state mimics the immune activation that accompanies inflammatory thyroid disease ( 10 ). A range of different cytokines have been linked to destructive thyroiditis ( 11 , 12 ), as well as Graves’ disease (GD) and Graves’ orbitopathy ( 13

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Tao Gao Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Rui Liu Department of Oncology. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Chunli Li Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Xinglin Chu Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Qiao Guo Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Dazhi Ke Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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elevation of fetuin-B and hypertension, combined with the previous role of fetuin-B in CVDs, we consider that fetuin-B may contribute to high blood pressure by affecting the function and structure of blood vessels. Fetuin-B is a cytokine secreted into the

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Ferdinand Roelfsema Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Peter Y Liu Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA

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Rebecca Yang Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Paul Takahashi Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Johannes D Veldhuis Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Introduction Systemic inflammation due to cytokine activation is associated with varying degrees of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activation as part of the stress response to infection, burns, trauma, critical illness, autoimmune diseases, and

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Xingrong Tan Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China

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Wenjing Hu Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing, China

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Shan Yang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Han Dai Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Shangcheng Xu Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Hospital for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing, China

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Gangyi Yang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Ling Li Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China

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Shiguo Tang Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China

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Yi Wang Department of Endocrinology, 9th People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Beibei City, Chongqong, China

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returning to normal levels after adolescence ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). We speculate that the changes of some cytokines related to insulin sensitivity in youth may help to predict the occurrence of metabolic diseases, such as MetS and T2DM. Thus, we believe that it

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Fernando Aprile-Garcia Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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María Antunica-Noguerol Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maia Ludmila Budziñski Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Ana C Liberman Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Eduardo Arzt Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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result cytokine and chemokine cascades are initiated (2) . The increase in these inflammatory mediators – cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, receptors, enzymes, and adhesion molecules – is considered pivotal for the progression and propagation of

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Zhengrong Jiang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Linghong Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lijun Chen Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Jingxiong Zhou Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Bo Liang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Xuefeng Bai Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Lizhen Wu Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Huibin Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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insight into the relationship between circRNAs and GD is still required. Cytokines are a group of small molecules secreted by a variety of tissue cells (mainly immune cells), which play a central role in initiating immune cascades through their receptors

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Ling Zhou Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Ruixue Zhang Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Shuangyan Yang Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Yaguang Zhang Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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Dandan Shi Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China

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pregnancy in GDM mice Next, we explored the protective role of AS-IV in the inflammatory response in the late stage of pregnancy in GDM mice. Inflammation was enhanced in GDM mice on GD 20, as evidenced by the increased secretions of inflammatory cytokines

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Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Hajar Oghbaei Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Laura Lotz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

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Reza Zarezadeh Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Mahnaz Ranjkesh Medical Radiation Science Research Group (MRSRG), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Mohammad Nouri Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Amir Fattahi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Saba Nikanfar Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

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Ralf Dittrich Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

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to make the successful implantation possible ( 5 ). Various factors are involved in the implantation process such as cytokines (e.g. IL1, IL6, and leukemia inhibitory factor), prostaglandins (e.g. PGE2), growth factors (e.g. epidermal growth factor

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T L C Wolters Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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C D C C van der Heijden Division of Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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N van Leeuwen Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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B T P Hijmans-Kersten Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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M G Netea Division of Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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J W A Smit Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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D H J Thijssen Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

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A R M M Hermus Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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N P Riksen Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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R T Netea-Maier Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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contribute to the persistence of CVD risk factors and development of CVD. To test this hypothesis, we comprehensively assessed vascular structure and function, circulating inflammatory markers and ex vivo cytokine production capacity in acromegaly patients

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Anne H van der Spek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Olga V Surovtseva Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Saskia Aan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anton T J Tool Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemarie van de Geer Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Korcan Demir Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey

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Anja L M van Gucht Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Timo K van den Berg Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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, including deiodinase enzymes ( 5 , 6 ). Furthermore, intracellular TH metabolism has been linked to the immune function of these cells ( 25 ). Mice that lack TRα have higher levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines at baseline ( 26 ), excessive

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