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Introduction The effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on female sexuality has long been a matter of discussion ( 1 ). According to a systematic review in the field, however, mainly based on observational studies, approximately 15% of
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Introduction Four of every five reproductive-age women in the world have used oral contraceptives (OC) ( 1 ). Most OC combine one estrogen with one progestin so there are multiple possible combinations and dosing schemes. Although OC are
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Research, University of Washington, Box 356460, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington, USA
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years for the LNG-IUS). Through IUDs, local paracrine effects of progestins on the cervix and endometrium lead to arguably higher contraceptive efficacy than systemic oral, transdermal, and vaginal progestins, or other combined progestin
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Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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-7824(0200436-5 ) 22 Sitruk-Ware RL Menard J Rad M Burggraaf J de Kam ML Tokay BA Sivin I Kluft C . Comparison of the impact of vaginal and oral administration of combined hormonal contraceptives on hepatic proteins sensitive to estrogen
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. European Journal of Endocrinology 1998 3 269 – 274 . ( doi:10.1530/eje.0.1380269 ) 14 Costello M Shrestha B Eden J Sjoblom P Johnson N. Insulin-sensitising drugs versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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, indicates hypercoagulability, as seen in users of combined oral contraceptives ( 12 ). Moreover, high thrombin generation is associated with first and recurrent VTE and possibly with coronary atherosclerosis ( 13 , 14 , 15 ). Thrombin generation has been
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Maillard C Foidart JM Bennink HJ . Bleeding pattern and cycle control with estetrol-containing combined oral contraceptives: results from a phase II, randomised, dose-finding study (Fiesta) . Contraception 2016 94 366 – 373 . ( https://doi.org/10
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
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, decrease of −0.2 ± 0.03 mm per month of use, P < 0.0001). Regarding oral contraceptives, there was no association on the evolution of MFA, regardless of whether combined oral contraceptives (COC) or only progestin (75µg of desogestrel) were used
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Medical Research Laboratories, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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controls. The design was a randomized crossover study. Both groups underwent a 2 month wash-out period from hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and oral contraceptive therapy (OCT) respectively. Subjects were examined at the end of each 2-month period. The
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– 161 . 12 Macut D Božić Antić I Nestorov J Topalović V Bjekić Macut J Panidis D Kastratović Kotlica B Papadakis E Matić G Vojnović Milutinović D . The influence of combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone on