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Mirjana Doknic
Mirjana Doknic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Marko Stojanovic
Marko Stojanovic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ivan Soldatovic
Ivan Soldatovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia
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Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia
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Tatjana Milenkovic
Tatjana Milenkovic
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Vera Zdravkovic
Vera Zdravkovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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Maja Jesic
Maja Jesic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sladjana Todorovic
Sladjana Todorovic
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Katarina Mitrovic
Katarina Mitrovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Rade Vukovic
Rade Vukovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dragana Miljic
Dragana Miljic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dragan Savic
Dragan Savic
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mihajlo Milicevic
Mihajlo Milicevic
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Aleksandar Stanimirovic
Aleksandar Stanimirovic
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Vojislav Bogosavljevic
Vojislav Bogosavljevic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sandra Pekic
Sandra Pekic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Emilija Manojlovic-Gacic
Emilija Manojlovic-Gacic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Aleksandar Djukic
Aleksandar Djukic
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Danica Grujicic
Danica Grujicic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Milan Petakov
Milan Petakov
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Introduction Patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency (COGHD) represent a heterogeneous group in terms of etiology of growth hormone deficiency (GHD), time of GHD onset and recombinant human GH (rhGH) replacement commencement, duration
Sidsel Mathiesen
Sidsel Mathiesen
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kaspar Sørensen
Kaspar Sørensen
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Marianne Ifversen
Marianne Ifversen
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Casper P Hagen
Casper P Hagen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jørgen Holm Petersen
Jørgen Holm Petersen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Klaus Müller
Klaus Müller
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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, and a comprehensive internal validation was conducted for every change in assays to standardize the analyses. Reference material Hormone levels during childhood and puberty were compared to a prospectively followed reference cohort of 112 boys
Min Yang
Min Yang
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xiangling Deng
Xiangling Deng
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Shunan Wang
Shunan Wang
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Bo Zhou
Bo Zhou
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wenquan Niu
Wenquan Niu
Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhixin Zhang
Zhixin Zhang
International Medical Services, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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special attention due to its underlying physical and psychosocial impairments from childhood to adulthood, such as cardiometabolic diseases, diabetes and psychological functioning problems ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). In clinical practice, pre-shortness is often
Enora Le Roux
Enora Le Roux
Université de Paris, ECEVE UMR 1123, Inserm, Paris, France
AP-HP.Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Unité d’Épidémiologie Clinique, Inserm, Paris, France
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AP-HP.Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Unité d’Épidémiologie Clinique, Inserm, Paris, France
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Florence Menesguen
Florence Menesguen
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Isabelle Tejedor
Isabelle Tejedor
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Marc Popelier
Marc Popelier
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Diabétologie, Paris, France
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Marine Halbron
Marine Halbron
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Diabétologie, Paris, France
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Pauline Faucher
Pauline Faucher
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Nutrition, Centre du Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Obésités Rares, Paris, France
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Sabine Malivoir
Sabine Malivoir
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Graziella Pinto
Graziella Pinto
AP-HP.Université de Paris Centre, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Département d’Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France; Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Juliane Léger
Juliane Léger
AP-HP.Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France
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Stephane Hatem
Stephane Hatem
Institute of Cardiology and Nutrition, Paris, France
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Michel Polak
Michel Polak
AP-HP.Université de Paris Centre, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Département d’Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France; Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Christine Poitou
Christine Poitou
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Nutrition, Centre du Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Obésités Rares, Paris, France
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Philippe Touraine
Philippe Touraine
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Green A Soltész G EURODIAB Study Group. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–20: a multicentre prospective registration study . Lancet 2009 373 2027 – 20 33 . ( https
Kaiyu Pan
Kaiyu Pan
Department of Paediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chengyue Zhang
Chengyue Zhang
Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Xiaocong Yao
Xiaocong Yao
Department of Osteoporosis, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhongxin Zhu
Zhongxin Zhu
Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Introduction Calcium (Ca) is the primary nutrient of interest in bone health. It is essential to ensure adequate Ca intake to support the accelerated growth spurt during childhood and adolescence when bone accumulates and grows at a rapid rate
Anastasia Ibba
Anastasia Ibba
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Francesca Corrias
Francesca Corrias
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Chiara Guzzetti
Chiara Guzzetti
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Letizia Casula
Letizia Casula
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Mariacarolina Salerno
Mariacarolina Salerno
Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Natascia di Iorgi
Natascia di Iorgi
Dipartimento di Pediatria, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Gianluca Tornese
Gianluca Tornese
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Clinica Pediatrica, IRCCS Materno-infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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Giuseppa Patti
Giuseppa Patti
Dipartimento di Pediatria, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Giorgio Radetti
Giorgio Radetti
Dipartimento di Pediatria, Ospedale Generale Regionale, Bolzano, Italy
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Mohamad Maghnie
Mohamad Maghnie
Dipartimento di Pediatria, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Marco Cappa
Marco Cappa
UOC di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento Universitario Ospedaliero, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Sandro Loche
Sandro Loche
SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico, ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Introduction The diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood and adolescence is based on auxological, biochemical, neuro-radiological, and genetic investigations. Since GH production is pulsatile, its secretion needs to be
Britt J van Keulen
Britt J van Keulen
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Conor V Dolan
Conor V Dolan
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bibian van der Voorn
Bibian van der Voorn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ruth Andrew
Ruth Andrew
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Brian R Walker
Brian R Walker
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Hilleke Hulshoff Pol
Hilleke Hulshoff Pol
Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dorret I Boomsma
Dorret I Boomsma
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Joost Rotteveel
Joost Rotteveel
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Martijn J J Finken
Martijn J J Finken
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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differences ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). Sexual dimorphism in HPA-axis activity has been suggested to be already present in early childhood. A recent meta-analysis suggested that boys and girls differed in basal HPA-axis activity, as assessed by salivary
Britt J van Keulen
Britt J van Keulen
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Michelle Romijn
Michelle Romijn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bibian van der Voorn
Bibian van der Voorn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Marita de Waard
Marita de Waard
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, locations AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Michaela F Hartmann
Michaela F Hartmann
Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Johannes B van Goudoever
Johannes B van Goudoever
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, locations AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stefan A Wudy
Stefan A Wudy
Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Joost Rotteveel
Joost Rotteveel
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Martijn J J Finken
Martijn J J Finken
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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), late-onset sepsis (LOS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and more often require invasive respiratory support ( 2 , 4 , 5 ), than females. In childhood, male preterm infants had a greater odds of (major and minor
Thomas Reinehr
Thomas Reinehr
Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Children’s Hospital, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
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Martin Carlsson
Martin Carlsson
Endocrine Care, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA
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Dionisios Chrysis
Dionisios Chrysis
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Cecilia Camacho-Hübner
Cecilia Camacho-Hübner
Endocrine Care, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA
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.ghir.2008.08.001 ) 18 Marshall WA Tanner JM . Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls . Archives of Disease in Childhood 1969 44 291 – 303 . ( https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.44.235.291 ) 19 Marshall WA Tanner JM . Variations in
Maki Igarashi
Maki Igarashi
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Tadayuki Ayabe
Tadayuki Ayabe
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Keiko Matsubara
Keiko Matsubara
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Hatoko Sasaki
Hatoko Sasaki
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Mayako Saito-Abe
Mayako Saito-Abe
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Miori Sato
Miori Sato
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Nathan Mise
Nathan Mise
Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Akihiko Ikegami
Akihiko Ikegami
Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Masayuki Shimono
Masayuki Shimono
Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Reiko Suga
Reiko Suga
Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shouichi Ohga
Shouichi Ohga
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Masafumi Sanefuji
Masafumi Sanefuji
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Masako Oda
Masako Oda
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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Hiroshi Mitsubuchi
Hiroshi Mitsubuchi
Department of Neonatology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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Takehiro Michikawa
Takehiro Michikawa
Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Shin Yamazaki
Shin Yamazaki
Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Shoji Nakayama
Shoji Nakayama
Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yukihiro Ohya
Yukihiro Ohya
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Maki Fukami
Maki Fukami
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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. Further studies are necessary to clarify whether sex hormone production in childhood is associated with sexual maturation during puberty or reproductive function in adulthood. In conclusion, the results show that sexual dimorphism in sex hormone
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