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Brendan J Nolan Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Aviva S Frydman Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Shalem Y Leemaqz College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Meg Carroll Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Jeffrey D Zajac Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Ada S Cheung Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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more rapid feminisation with greater testosterone suppression and enhanced breast development ( 2 ), however, others raise concerns regarding breast cancer and cardiovascular disease risk with the use of progestins ( 3 ). Due to a lack of evidence

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Xiaomin Li Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Ling Fang Department of Breast Surgery, Cheng Du Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Hongjiang Li Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Xiaoqin Yang Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Introduction Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the mammary gland. It is the leading female malignant tumor, posing a major threat to women’s health globally. However, the incidence of breast cancer worldwide, including China

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Martin Zweifel Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Beat Thürlimann Breast Centre St. Gallen, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

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Salome Riniker Breast Centre St. Gallen, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

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Patrik Weder Breast Centre St. Gallen, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

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Roger von Moos Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland

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Olivia Pagani Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland

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Martin Bigler SAKK Coordinating Centre, Bern, Switzerland

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Karin M Rothgiesser SAKK Coordinating Centre, Bern, Switzerland

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Christiane Pilop SAKK Coordinating Centre, Bern, Switzerland

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Hanne Hawle SAKK Coordinating Centre, Bern, Switzerland

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Peter Brauchli SAKK Coordinating Centre, Bern, Switzerland

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Coya Tapia Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Wolfgang Schoenfeld CURADIS GmbH, Erlangen, Germany

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Cristiana Sessa Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland

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for the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK)
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Introduction For the treatment of breast cancer (BC), testosterone was already used extensively between the 1930s and 1960s with anecdotal tumour responses (especially in bone metastases) seen in up to 20% of treated women ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

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Chan Sub Park Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea

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Jihye Choi Department of General Surgery, National Medical Center, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Min-Ki Seong Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sung-Eun Hong Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jae-Sung Kim Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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In-Chul Park Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyesil Seol Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Woo Chul Noh Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Hyun-Ah Kim Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Introduction Estradiol is a key factor for tumorigenesis and prognosis of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Although estradiol is produced mainly by the ovary in premenopausal women, the adrenal gland and adipocytes are also

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Anne M Drewes University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark

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Maria E Møller The Danish Cancer Society, Denmark (Kræftens Bekæmpelse), København Ø, Denmark

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Rasmus Hertzum-Larsen The Danish Cancer Society, Denmark (Kræftens Bekæmpelse), København Ø, Denmark

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Gerda Engholm The Danish Cancer Society, Denmark (Kræftens Bekæmpelse), København Ø, Denmark

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Hans H Storm The Danish Cancer Society, Denmark (Kræftens Bekæmpelse), København Ø, Denmark

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Introduction Survival after breast cancer has improved substantially worldwide over recent decades. Due to the high and increasing incidence of breast cancer in the developed world, the survivor cohort is big, and the possibility of long

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V Kenan Çelik Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey

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Sercan Kapancık Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey

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Turgut Kaçan Department of Medical Oncology, High Specialized Education and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey

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Selen Baloglu Kaçan Department of Internal Medicine, Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Afyon, Turkey

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Serkan Kapancık Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey

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Hasan Kılıçgün Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Science Faculty, University of Erzincan, Erzincan, Turkey

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11 adults has diabetes and this ratio will be increased 1/10 in 2040. Type II diabetes, the most common form of diabetes, increases with changing cultural and social changes. Many years ago, breast cancer was found to be more common in diabetic

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Piera Rizzolo Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Valentina Silvestri Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Virginia Valentini Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Veronica Zelli Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Agostino Bucalo Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Ines Zanna Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy

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Simonetta Bianchi Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Sciences of Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Maria Grazia Tibiletti Department of Pathology, ASST Settelaghi and Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio dei Tumori Eredo-Familiari, Università dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Antonio Russo Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical and Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Liliana Varesco IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy

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Gianluca Tedaldi Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy

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Bernardo Bonanni Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy

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Jacopo Azzollini Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy

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Siranoush Manoukian Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy

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Anna Coppa Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Giuseppe Giannini Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Laura Cortesi Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Alessandra Viel Unit of Functional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

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Marco Montagna Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Paolo Peterlongo Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM – The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy

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Paolo Radice Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy

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Domenico Palli Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy

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Laura Ottini Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

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Introduction Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, representing about 1% of all breast cancers (BCs) and less than 1% of all cancers in men ( 1 ). Germline pathogenic variants in BC genes, particularly BRCA1 , BRCA2 and PALB2 genes

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Ishita Gupta Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkoudh, Sultanate of Oman

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Allal Ouhtit Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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Adil Al-Ajmi Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkoudh, Sultanate of Oman

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Syed Gauhar A Rizvi Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkoudh, Sultanate of Oman

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Hamad Al-Riyami Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkoudh, Sultanate of Oman

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Marwa Al-Riyami Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkoudh, Sultanate of Oman

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Yahya Tamimi Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkoudh, Sultanate of Oman

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Introduction Breast cancer is the most common among women, affecting 25% of female population worldwide and more than a million new cases are diagnosed every year ( 1 ). Environmental components are considered serious risk factors, whereas

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Juan Carlos Juárez-Cruz Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Miriam Daniela Zuñiga-Eulogio Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Monserrat Olea-Flores Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Miguel Ángel Mendoza-Catalán Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Carlos Ortuño-Pineda Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Ma Elena Moreno-Godínez Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Sócrates Villegas-Comonfort Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, México

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Teresita Padilla-Benavides Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

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Napoleón Navarro-Tito Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México

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Introduction Breast cancer is the most common invasive neoplasia and the second-leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Over 2,000,000 cases are diagnosed annually worldwide, which represents the highest incidence of cancer

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Cleofas Marcial-Medina Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico

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Alejandra Ordoñez-Moreno Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico

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Christian Gonzalez-Reyes Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico

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Pedro Cortes-Reynosa Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico

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Eduardo Perez Salazar Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico

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Introduction Epidemiological studies strongly suggest an association between a higher intake of dietary fat and obesity with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. Moreover, obesity is characterized for an elevation of circulating free

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