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Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, small testes, and infertility ( 17 ). Moreover, other manifestations include neurocognitive, psychosocial, cardiovascular, metabolic, malignancies, venous thromboembolism, and bone-related conditions ( 1 , 17 ). This review deals
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dimorphic traits to develop. Especially pubertal bone mass accrual and adult bone health require further investigation in this context. Some studies in men who had constitutionally delayed puberty suggest that this condition resulted in reduced bone
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Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Introduction Reproductive disorders, such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), are associated with hormonal and metabolic changes, which can impact changes in bone density (BD). Women with POI are at
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Fertility, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) combined with unmeasurable inhibin B, which reflects their primary testicular defect ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). Reduced testosterone concentrations may contribute to the well-known reduction of bone mineral
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Introduction Fanconi anemia (FA), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), and Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) are inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) associated with high risks of bone marrow failure (BMF), myelodysplastic syndrome, leukemia
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materials given at the end of this article). Figure 1 PRISMA flow chart of inclusion of studies. Results from the selected studies on pharmacokinetics, hypogonadal symptoms, virilization, metabolic and anthropometric parameters, bone mineral
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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changes, like histone and chromatin modifications, also need to be addressed. In addition, an understanding of the temporal changes from fetal life to old age needs to be achieved. Klinefelter syndrome, hypogonadism, bone, muscle and fat
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Genetics and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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. KS males are known to have impaired bone metabolism, reduced bone mass density (BMD) ( 11 ), and a prevalence of osteoporosis of 5–10% and approximately 40% for osteopenia ( 12 ). Relative or manifest hypogonadism and a higher prevalence of metabolic
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precocious puberty (2015) ( 1 ): (1) breast development before 8 years of age; (2) accelerated linear growth rate (≥6 cm/year); (3) progressive bone age (BA) 1 year more than chronological age (CA); (4) the peak level of luteinizing hormone (LH) (PLH) after
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Introduction Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble substances, traditionally classified as vitamins, but also acting as important hormones in the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone mineralization in humans ( 1 , 2 , 3