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Signe Kirkegaard Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Nanna Maria Uldall Torp Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stig Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Stine Linding Andersen Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

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Introduction Thyroid disorders are common endocrine disorders with a female predominance. In the reproductive age span, the disorders are mainly of autoimmune origin with hyperthyroidism being part of Graves’ disease (GD) ( 1 ), and

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0431
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 2
Open access
Ewa Stogowska Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Karol Adam Kamiński Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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Bartosz Ziółko Techmo, Kraków, Poland

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Irina Kowalska Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

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European society ( 18 ). While the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism in well-developed countries with no iodine deficiency is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis also known as Hashimoto’s disease, other less-frequent causes include iodine deficiency

Article Type:
Review Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0505
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Christos Tsatsanis Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece

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Angel Elenkov Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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Irene Leijonhufvud Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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Katerina Vaporidi Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Åsa Tivesten Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Aleksander Giwercman Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden

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hormones in immune responses and inflammatory diseases has been well established. Women are more prone to autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases than men ( 1 , 2 ). Several factors have been suggested as causes of the differences among men and women in

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0456
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access
Panagiotis Anagnostis Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Irene Lambrinoudaki 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece

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John C Stevenson National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Dimitrios G Goulis Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, involving 50% of cases, with 20% attributed to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 13% to stroke ( 1 ). This is also the case for women younger than 65 years, with

Article Type:
Review Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0537
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Alan D Rogol Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

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thyroid disease ( 49 ). Davis and colleagues measured AMH levels, a marker of ovarian reserve for it reflects the primordial follicle pool ( 43 ). It is produced by the granulosa cells of the maturing follicles and thus is an index of the remaining

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Review Article
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Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0440
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 9
Open access
Xinyuan Zhang Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Suiyan Li School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Hongwei Liu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Huai Bai Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Qingqing Liu Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Chunyi Yang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Ping Fan Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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acne and had normal serum levels of androgens as well as normal ovarian morphology on ultrasonography. Participants with other diseases, such as infections, liver or kidney diseases, cardiovascular conditions, autoimmune/inflammatory disorders

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0463
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 3
Open access