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overload ( 10 , 11 ). Ferroptosis has different biochemical, morphological, and genetic properties from other forms of programmed cell death, such as necroptosis and apoptosis ( 12 , 13 ). Ferroptosis can be considered as a kind of cell death that is
Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
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Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
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). Mitochondria are important organelles that play a crucial role in energy production, metabolism, and cell apoptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fusion and fission, are essential for maintaining normal mitochondrial function. Moreover
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of the male offspring's reproductive organs ( 4 ). In animal models, prenatal stress led to apoptosis of testicular cells and reduced sperm quality and fertility in offspring rats ( 5 ). Maternal stress in sheep during late pregnancy affects sperm
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inflammation and lipid transport, inhibits complement proteins, and delays cell apoptosis ( 16 , 17 , 18 ). The downregulation of CLU expression leads to the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and ultimately leads to apoptosis ( 19 ). In a
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, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as the apoptotic regression of Müllerian ducts (fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and upper 1/3 of the vagina) in male fetuses. The normal male reproductive tract develops in utero in response to
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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beta-estradiol have opposite effects on podocyte apoptosis that precedes glomerulosclerosis in female estrogen receptor knockout mice . Kidney International 2011 79 404 – 413 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2010.398 ) 11 Reckelhoff JF Zhang H
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XO foetuses of man and mouse: the possible role of heterologous X-chromosome pairing in germ cell survival . Chromosoma 1986 94 115 – 124 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286989 ) 21 Modi DN Sane S Bhartiya D . Accelerated germ cell apoptosis
Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Industry, Hohhot, PR China
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-cAMP was obtained from Apoptosis and Epigenetics Company (B9004). COC collection Ovaries were collected from healthy, nonpregnant sheep (small-tailed Han sheep, weighing 25–35 kg, n = 60) at various stages of the estrous cycle. These ovaries were
Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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levonorgestrel enhance testosterone-induced spermatogenesis suppression in men through increased germ cell apoptosis . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2007 92 3292 – 3304 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0367 ) 42 Yates WR Perry PJ