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detecting abdominal adiposity, they are relatively expensive, time-consuming, and unavailable in large populations ( 21 ). Alternatively, other anthropometric parameters such as waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) can also indicate
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obese PCOS women, visceral adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are usually the triggering pathogenetic factors, whereas androgen excess is frequently mild and sometimes secondary to visceral obesity and IR ( 2
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bilateral oophorectomy, is the consequence of follicle depletion which results in estrogen deficit ( 4 ). Epidemiological evidence has shown that menopausal transition is associated with a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as central adiposity
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glucose and lipid metabolism have been linked to adipocytokines, which are secreted by adipose tissue ( 8 ). Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and visfatin, as well as serine protease inhibitors, are closely related to the development of insulin
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KNDy system contributes to the reproductive disorder in prenatally undernourished rats. Additionally, body weight (BW), food intake, accumulation of visceral adiposity, and plasma triglyceride levels as an indicator of metabolic status were assessed
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, 29 ). For any given BMI, men with KS have higher truncal fat percentage as compared with controls, and truncal adiposity has been shown to be the major predictor of metabolic syndrome and insulin sensitivity in these patients ( 27 ). In previous
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). However, in another study, HMOX1 mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is higher in women with PCOS than in the controls matched for age and BMI. Increased HMOX1 mRNA levels correlate with a high BMI and insulin resistance, and may be a
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modulation of adipose tissue or through other ways remains to be further clarified. In conclusion, our preliminary study suggests that serum irisin levels increased in girls with CPP and PT, but it is not a reliable biomarker to distinguish patients with
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of lean body mass and increase in adipose abdominal fat ( 45 ). Smoking is the predictive factor most consistently associated with younger age at menopause ( 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ). We could not confirm a direct association with current or former
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85 1319 – 1340 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.10.054 ) 29 Wajchenberg BL Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome . Endocrine Reviews 2000 21 697 – 738 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.21