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Xianghe Chen College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Xinyu Zeng College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Xiao Qiu College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Chi Liu College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Pengcheng Lu College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Ziming Shen College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Xiangxiang Zhou College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Kang Yang Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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renal anti-fibrosis and inflammatory response through the protein effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) coenzyme ( 3 , 4 ). Some studies found that the downregulation of Sirt1 expression in T2DM kidney led to renal interstitial fibrosis

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Xinge Tao Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Yanbin Xue Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Rui Niu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Wenjing Lu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Huayan Yao Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chunmei He Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Bin Cui Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Changqin Liu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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substantial health burden, especially on developing countries. According to the diabetes atlas of the International Diabetes Federation in 2022, China had the largest number of patients with T2DM and spent the second highest amount on diabetes ( 1 ). The

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Li Qian Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Yuxiao Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Yan Luo Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Mu Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Liping Yu Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Yu Liu Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Tao Yang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is well-defined as one of the most common and lifelong autoimmune diseases characterized by pancreatic β-cell destruction ( 1 , 2 ). Several autoantibodies, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase

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Sarantis Livadas Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece

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Christina Bothou Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland

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Ralitsa Robeva Ushate ‘acad. IV. Penchev’, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

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Andromahi Vryonidou Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Jelica Bjekic Macut Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Ioannis Androulakis Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece

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Milica Opalic Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Zadalla Mouslech 1st Medical Propedeutic, Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Andrej Milewicz Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland

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Alessandra Gambineri Department of Medical and Surgical Science-DIMEC Endocrinology Unit, University of Bologna – S. Orsola-Mapighi Hospital, Italy

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Dimitrios Panidis Gynaecological Endocrinology Infirmary of the Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Djuro Macut Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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, accompanied by oligomenorrhea, dominate the clinical picture followed by metabolic disorders including dysglycemia and dyslipidemia later in life ( 1 ). Moreover, progression of normoglycemia to either intermediate hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has

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Zhenyu Liu Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China

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Huixi Kong Department of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian District, Beijing, China

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Baoyu Zhang Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China

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Introduction According to recent statistics, 529 million people will have diabetes worldwide in 2021, and the global age-standardized total diabetes prevalence will be 6.1% ( 1 ). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most frequent form of

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Zhiyan Yu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yueyue Wu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Rui Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yue Li Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Shufei Zang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Jun Liu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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subjects with T2DM were included in this study of whom 654 were male (266 non-NAFLD, 388 NAFLD) and 589 were female (217 non-NAFLD and 372 NAFLD). The clinical and laboratory characteristics are shown in Table 1 . Compared with non-NAFLD patients, those

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Giovanni Fanni Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Petros Katsogiannos Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Bipasha Nandi Jui Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Magnus Sundbom Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Susanne Hetty Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Maria J Pereira Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jan W Eriksson Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Introduction Besides inducing significant and durable weight loss, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) improves glycemic control in insulin-resistant patients and can prevent or reverse type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). This

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Chan Yang School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yadi Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Juan Li School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiaowei Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiangwei Qiu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiaxing Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiuying Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yuhong Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yi Zhao School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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weight loss due to unknown causes), or a past medical history of T2DM. Prediabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L and <7.0 mmol/L. Normoglycemia was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level <6.1 mmol/L. Body mass index (BMI) was

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Xi Cao Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ming Lu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Rong-Rong Xie Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Li-Ni Song Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Wei-Li Yang Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong Xin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Guang-Ran Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jin-Kui Yang Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Introduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally, and diabetic complications affect millions of people worldwide ( 1 , 2 ). Diabetic eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular

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Shaomin Shi Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China

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Xinghua Chen Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

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Wen Yu Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China

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Xiaolan Ke Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China

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Tean Ma Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China

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decreasing trend in renal GLP-1R protein expression compared with the NC group, which verified that there was a reduction in renal GLP-1R protein expression in the T2DM mouse model. The hypoglycemic effect of Degu insulin does not reverse this change. In this

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