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Introduction Klinefelter syndrome (KS), caused by at least one additional X-chromosome in males (47,XXY), is one of the most common numerical chromosomal anomalies in men, with an estimated prevalence of 1–2 per 1000 men ( 1 ). Despite the
Molecular Reproductive Research Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
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Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
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Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
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hormones in immune responses and inflammatory diseases has been well established. Women are more prone to autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases than men ( 1 , 2 ). Several factors have been suggested as causes of the differences among men and women in
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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sex chromosome abnormalities The prevalence of KS has been estimated to be 57 per 100,000 in newborn males, perhaps with an increasing incidence over the last 50 years ( 1 ). Other studies found an adult prevalence ranging from 11 to 34/100,000 men
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Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Introduction Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequent chromosome disorder in men ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) and the most common genetic cause of male infertility ( 5 ) It has an estimated frequency of 1:500 to 1:1000 men, with a median
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Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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) carrying 48,XXXY and 49,XXXXY karyotypes during early embryogenesis ( 10 ). We previously reported that pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) and a few non-PAR1 genes escaping X inactivation (Xi) strictly follow X chromosome dosage in a cohort of European and
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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. A picture of a profoundly genome-wide imbalance has been drawn, which goes far beyond the simple sex chromosomal gene-dosage theory. Figure 1 (A) The most frequent karyotype of Turner syndrome (TS; 45,X), Trisomy X syndrome (47,XXY
Department of Performance and Image-enhancing Drugs Research, Android Health Clinic, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands
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Department of Performance and Image-enhancing Drugs Research, Android Health Clinic, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Introduction Testosterone therapy (TTh) is prescribed to hypogonadal men to correct testosterone levels and alleviate symptoms that result from its deficiency. Benefits include improved sexual function and quality of life ( 1 ), improvements
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pathogenic variants in telomere biology genes ( 12 ). Similar to FA, the risk of BMF and cancer is high in individuals with DC/TBDs ( 1 , 4 , 12 ). DBA, caused by germline variants in genes encoding ribosomal subunits, may present with anemia at birth, with
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Introduction The 3rd international Workshop on Klinefelter Syndrome, Trisomy X, and XYY was held in Leiden, the Netherlands, on September 12–14, 2022. This event followed successful prior workshops in 2010 in Copenhagen, Denmark ( 1 ) and in
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( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). The etiology of PCOS remains unclear; however, growing evidence suggests that it may have a diverse and intricate etiology that includes interactions between a variety of predisposing genes and environmental factors ( 5 , 6 , 7