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Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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of ACE-2, angiotensin(1–7) (Ang(1–7)) and its receptor (MAS-1), which causes vasodilation and therefore counteracts the pressor arm ( 4 ). While the over-activated pressor arm causes a deleterious effect contributing to the end-organ damage in
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Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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), endothelium ( 12 ), adipose tissue and liver ( 13 ). Moreover, Mas deletion has been reported to have deleterious effects on glucose and lipid metabolism ( 14 ). Although it is now clear, in contrast to ACE/Ang II/AT1R, the ACE2/Ang(1–7)/Mas axis has a
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Introduction McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare congenital sporadic disorder arising from somatic activating mutations in the GNAS gene. The precise prevalence of MAS is unknown and is estimated to range between 1/100,000 and 1/1
Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Priority Research Centre for Cancer, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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receptor (AGTR2) and antagonises AGTR1 activation. Ang I can also be further converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to Ang(1–7). Ang(1–7) acts upon its receptor Mas. This results in antagonism of Ang II/AGTR1 stimulation, thus inhibiting
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Introduction The melanocortin receptors (MCRs) belong to α group of rhodopsin G-protein-coupled receptors. Mammalian MCRs consist of five subtypes, generally referred to as MC1R, MC2R, MC3R, MC4R and MC5R. A widely reported function of MC1R is
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Wellcome–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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activation by converting angiotensin II (AngII) to angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1–7). Ang 1–7 exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and vasodilatory effects via binding to the Mas receptor ( 4 ). AngII binds AngII receptor type 1 which then exerts pro
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participating in Akt and TGF-β activation.Increased levels of Ang-(1–7) prevents the development of T3-induced cardiac hypertrophy by blocking GSK3β/NFATc3 activation via the MAS receptor. AGT, angiotensinogen; Ang I, angiotensin I; Ang II, angiotensin II; Ang
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Introduction Thyroid cancer is the most frequently occurring endocrine cancer with an increasing incidence rate worldwide and with a frequency among the younger age group ( 1 , 2 ). It is also the second most common malignancy, after breast
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) comprises irregular ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and/or polycystic ovaries when no other etiology can be found ( 1 ). Frank (overt) hypothyroidism is associated with insulin resistance
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Introduction In an everyday endocrine setting, the dynamic response of hormones is assessed for the diagnosis and evaluation of several conditions such as adrenal insufficiency ( 1 ), acromegaly ( 2 ), and growth hormone deficiency ( 3