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Rosalie Cabry Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Philippe Merviel Brest University, Brest, Bretagne, France

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Aicha Madkour Mohammed V University of Rabat, Reproductive Medicine, Rabat, Morocco

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Elodie Lefranc Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Florence Scheffler Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Rachel Desailloud Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Véronique Bach Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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Moncef Benkhalifa Amiens University, Amiens, Haut-de-France, France

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prompted an increasing proportion of couples to enrol in in vitro fertilization (IVF) programmes. Over the last 50 years, the sperm count has fallen by 32–50% in Europe and United States ( 2 , 3 ); this fall is too rapid to be due to a genetic factor but

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Masafumi Tetsuka Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan

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Misato Tanakadate Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan

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% CO 2 . In vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed following the method reported by Hamano and Kuwayama ( 15 ). Briefly, frozen semen from a Holstein bull was thawed and washed twice by centrifugation for 5 min at 800  g with sperm washing medium

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Yasmin Shibli Abu Raya Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Asaf Bilgory Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Nardin Aslih Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Yuval Atzmon Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Maya Shavit Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Daniela Estrada Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Moamina Sharqawi Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

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Einat Shalom-Paz Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, The Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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obstetric complications in fresh and frozen IVF cycles in relation to the embryonic developmental stage. Materials and methods Patients This retrospective study was conducted at a university-affiliated reproductive center from January 2017

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Nardin Aslih Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Mediea Michaeli Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Diana Mashenko Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Adrian Ellenbogen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Oshrit Lebovitz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Yuval Atzmon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Einat Shalom-Paz Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MDIVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, IsraelTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology, Hadera, Haifa, Israel

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Introduction A goal of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is to stimulate the ovary to produce several oocytes while avoiding ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) ( 1 ). Careful evaluation of the patient during treatment is crucial for its

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Zhou Zheng Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Xiuming Zhang Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Fanggui Wu Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Haizhen Liao Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Huan Zhao Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Minqi Zhang Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Shangjie Liu Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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reproductive technology (ART) due to fertility problems ( 10 , 11 ). ART, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), has been widely used among infertility patients ( 12 ). Substantial evidence shows that overweight

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Jennifer K Y Ko Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Jinghua Shi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China

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Raymond H W Li Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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William S B Yeung Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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Ernest H Y Ng Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China

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the skin upon sun exposure ( 4 ). In one study, significant seasonal variation of the pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF), which was lower in spring despite higher fertilization rate and better embryo quality in those undergoing IVF in

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Ladan Younesi Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran

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Zeinab Safarpour Lima Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran

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Azadeh Akbari Sene Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Fellowship, Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital IVF Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Zahra Hosseini Jebelli Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran

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Ghazaleh Amjad Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders. The aim of this study was to find the correlation between color Doppler ultrasound and serum tests as auxiliary diagnostic criteria in areas where there is no possibility of some tests. A total of 108 patients were enrolled. They were divided into three groups including patients with PCOS, patients with PCOA ultrasound, patients with ovaries and normal hormone tests. Transvaginal sonography was performed from three groups and the results were evaluated in gray scale. The volume of the ovary, the number of follicles and the placement of follicles were recorded using using Doppler spectrum of uterine artery and ovarian stroma. Their arterial resistance index was also calculated. In the next step, serum samples were evaluated to determine the level of LH, FSH, free testosterone, DHEAS and 17-OHP hormones in the early follicular phase. Gray scale ultrasonographic findings (volume and number of ovarian follicles) as well as LH values were higher in patients with PCOS than those in the other two groups. These results proved the reliability of using these factors in the prediction of PCOS. In this study, Doppler indexes did not correlate with the size of the ovaries, the number of ovarian follicles and the measured hormone levels. The findings of transvaginal ultrasound and investigating the relationship with clinical and laboratory outcomes, a more suitable pattern could be chosen for more accurate patient selection and, leading to timely treatment and reducing the complications of the disease.

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Wolfgang Koechling Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Daniel Plaksin Bio-Technology General Israel Ltd, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Kiryat Malachi, Israel

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Glenn E Croston Croston Consulting, San Diego, California, USA

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Janni V Jeppesen The Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Department of Fertility at The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Kirsten T Macklon The Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Department of Fertility at The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Claus Yding Andersen The Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Department of Fertility at The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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, and regulating ovarian steroidogenesis ( 1 ). In addition, exogenous FSH plays a central role in the treatment of infertility ( 2 ), including in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), with the GnRH antagonist protocol

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Nathalie Ly Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Sophie Dubreuil Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Philippe Touraine Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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injection or in vitro fecondation (IVF), without modification of the number of harvested oocytes ( 23 , 24 ), while others did not find any difference ( 25 , 26 ). The only randomized crossover study, by Blumenfeld, evaluated seven GHD infertile women

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Rui-yi Tang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Rong Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Miao Ma Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Shou-qing Lin Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Yi-wen Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Ya-ping Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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). The pregnancy rate was 81.3% (13/16), and 11 women achieved live births (68.8%, 11/16). These 11 women succeeded using gonadotropin treatment ( n  = 4) and/or in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET, n  = 7). Complications included

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