Wenhao Lin
Wenhao Lin
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jun Dai
Jun Dai
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jialing Xie
Jialing Xie
Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jiacheng Liu
Jiacheng Liu
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fukang Sun
Fukang Sun
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xin Huang
Xin Huang
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wei He
Wei He
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen Fang
Chen Fang
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Juping Zhao
Juping Zhao
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Danfeng Xu
Danfeng Xu
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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). Currently, complete tumor resection is the only curative alternative for ACC, although retrospective studies ( 2 , 3 , 4 ) have revealed the potential of adjuvant therapy in improving the prognosis, such as mitotane. The 5-year and median overall survival
Gregory Knowles
Gregory Knowles
Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall, UK
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Emily Warmington
Emily Warmington
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lisa M Shepherd
Lisa M Shepherd
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Jonathan M Hazlehurst
Jonathan M Hazlehurst
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Anne de Bray
Anne de Bray
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Helena Gleeson
Helena Gleeson
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Wiebke Arlt
Wiebke Arlt
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
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Alessandro Prete
Alessandro Prete
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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.002 Has the flu vaccine every year, n (%) b 60 (73.2) 42 (52.5) 0.009 Is aware of the sick day rules, n (%) b 82 (100) 75 (93.8) 0.028 Has a steroid emergency card, n (%) 75 (91.5) 70 (87.5) 0.452 Always carries
Angelica Sharma
Angelica Sharma
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Katharine Lazarus
Katharine Lazarus
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Deborah Papadopoulou
Deborah Papadopoulou
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Hemanth Prabhudev
Hemanth Prabhudev
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Tricia Tan
Tricia Tan
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Karim Meeran
Karim Meeran
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Sirazum Choudhury
Sirazum Choudhury
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
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) prednisolone ( 4 ). Over-replacement with glucocorticoids avoids adrenal crisis at the expense of an increased risk of developing multiple comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis ( 5 ). It is crucial to achieve an
M Cherenko
M Cherenko
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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N M Appelman-Dijkstra
N M Appelman-Dijkstra
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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A L Priego Zurita
A L Priego Zurita
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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N R Biermasz
N R Biermasz
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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O M Dekkers
O M Dekkers
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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F A Klok
F A Klok
Department of Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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N Reisch
N Reisch
Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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A Aulinas
A Aulinas
Department of Endocrinology, Fundacio de Gestio Sanitaria Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IR-SantPau and CIBERER Unit 747 (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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B Biagetti
B Biagetti
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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S Cannavo
S Cannavo
Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
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L Canu
L Canu
University Hospital Florence Careggi, Florence, Italy
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M Detomas
M Detomas
Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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F Devuyst
F Devuyst
Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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H Falhammar
H Falhammar
Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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R A Feelders
R A Feelders
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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F Ferrau
F Ferrau
Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
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F Gatto
F Gatto
IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Genoa, Italy
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C Grasselli
C Grasselli
Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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P van Houten
P van Houten
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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C Hoybye
C Hoybye
Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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A M Isidori
A M Isidori
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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A Kyrilli
A Kyrilli
Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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P Loli
P Loli
Division of Endocrinology, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Milan, Italy
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D Maiter
D Maiter
Department of Endocrinology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc – UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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E Nowak
E Nowak
Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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R Pivonello
R Pivonello
Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Naples, Italy
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O Ragnarsson
O Ragnarsson
Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine (O.R.), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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R V Steenaard
R V Steenaard
Department of Internal Medicine, Máxima MC, Veldhoven, Netherlands
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N Unger
N Unger
University Hospital Essen, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Essen, Germany
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A van de Ven
A van de Ven
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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S M Webb
S M Webb
Department of Endocrinology, Fundacio de Gestio Sanitaria Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IR-SantPau and CIBERER Unit 747 (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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D Yeste
D Yeste
Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER Enfermedades Raras, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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S F Ahmed
S F Ahmed
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
University of Glasgow, Office for Rare Conditions, Glasgow, UK
University of Glasgow, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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University of Glasgow, Office for Rare Conditions, Glasgow, UK
University of Glasgow, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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A M Pereira
A M Pereira
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
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Introduction Endogenous hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome, CS) is a rare disorder with an estimated incidence of 0.2–5.0 cases per million inhabitants per year in various populations, whereas its prevalence is close to 39–79 cases per million
Agnieszka Adamska
Agnieszka Adamska
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Vitalii Ulychnyi
Vitalii Ulychnyi
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Katarzyna Siewko
Katarzyna Siewko
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Anna Popławska-Kita
Anna Popławska-Kita
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Małgorzata Szelachowska
Małgorzata Szelachowska
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Marcin Adamski
Marcin Adamski
Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
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Angelika Buczyńska
Angelika Buczyńska
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Adam Jacek Krętowski
Adam Jacek Krętowski
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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, pheochromocytoma, aldosteronism, or overt cortisol excess due to hyperfunction may be observed in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. It has been shown that cortical adenoma is the most frequent tumour type among adrenal incidentalomas ( 5 ), whereas adrenal
Sofia Maria Lider Burciulescu
Sofia Maria Lider Burciulescu
University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
National Institute of Endocrinology CI Parhon, Bucharest, Romania
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National Institute of Endocrinology CI Parhon, Bucharest, Romania
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Monica Livia Gheorghiu
Monica Livia Gheorghiu
University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
National Institute of Endocrinology CI Parhon, Bucharest, Romania
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National Institute of Endocrinology CI Parhon, Bucharest, Romania
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Andrei Muresan
Andrei Muresan
National Institute of Endocrinology CI Parhon, Bucharest, Romania
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Iuliana Gherlan
Iuliana Gherlan
University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
National Institute of Endocrinology CI Parhon, Bucharest, Romania
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National Institute of Endocrinology CI Parhon, Bucharest, Romania
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Attila Patocs
Attila Patocs
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Genetics, Clinical Genetics and Endocrinology Laboratory, Semmelweis University National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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Corin Badiu
Corin Badiu
University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
National Institute of Endocrinology CI Parhon, Bucharest, Romania
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National Institute of Endocrinology CI Parhon, Bucharest, Romania
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(CSS) can reduce the risk of AI and has a low risk for recurrence in hereditary PHEOs ( 3 , 8 , 12 ). CSS is mostly recommended in patients with (i) bilateral PHEOs, (ii) tumor size <5 cm, or (iii) in case of a mutation that leads to high risk of
Natacha Driessens
Natacha Driessens
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Endocrinology, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium
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Madhu Prasai
Madhu Prasai
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Endocrinology, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium
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Orsalia Alexopoulou
Orsalia Alexopoulou
Department of Endocrinology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Christophe De Block
Christophe De Block
Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Metabolism, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen & University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat, Edegem, Belgium
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Eva Van Caenegem
Eva Van Caenegem
Department of Endocrinology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan Brugge – Oostende AV, Ruddershove, Brugge, Belgium
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Guy T’Sjoen
Guy T’Sjoen
Department of Endocrinology, Ghent Universitary Hospital, C. Heymanslaan, Gent, Belgium
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Frank Nobels
Frank Nobels
Department of Endocrinology, Onze-Lieve Vrouw Ziekenhuis, Moorselbaan, Aalst, Belgium
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Christophe Ghys
Christophe Ghys
Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Brussels, Belgium
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Laurent Vroonen
Laurent Vroonen
Department of Endocrinology, Cliniques Universitaires de Liège, Avenue de l’hôpital, Liège, Belgium
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Corinne Jonas
Corinne Jonas
Department of Endocrinology, CHU UCL Namur - Godinne, Avenue Docteur Gaston Thérasse, Yvoir, Belgium
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Bernard Corvilain
Bernard Corvilain
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Endocrinology, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium
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Dominique Maiter
Dominique Maiter
Department of Endocrinology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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). Increased mortality is due to factors either directly related to the disease such as fatal adrenal crisis (AC), indirectly related such as the increased risk of cardiovascular disease or cancers, or due to complications of glucocorticoid treatment ( 5
Marta Araujo-Castro
Marta Araujo-Castro
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Miguel Paja Fano
Miguel Paja Fano
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Hospital Universitario de Basurton & Basque Country University, Medicine Department, Bilbao, Spain
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Begoña Pla Peris
Begoña Pla Peris
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
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Marga González Boillos
Marga González Boillos
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
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Eider Pascual-Corrales
Eider Pascual-Corrales
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Ana María García-Cano
Ana María García-Cano
Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Paola Parra Ramírez
Paola Parra Ramírez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Spain
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Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos
Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Spain
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Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez
Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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Almudena Vicente
Almudena Vicente
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
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Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Rui Ferreira
Rui Ferreira
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Iñigo García Sanz
Iñigo García Sanz
Department of General & Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Mónica Recasens
Mónica Recasens
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut Català de la Salut Girona, Girona, Spain
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Rebeca Barahona San Millan
Rebeca Barahona San Millan
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut Català de la Salut Girona, Girona, Spain
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María José Picón César
María José Picón César
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, IBIMA Malaga, Spain CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
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Patricia Díaz Guardiola
Patricia Díaz Guardiola
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain
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Carolina Perdomo
Carolina Perdomo
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Laura Manjón
Laura Manjón
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias & Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Rogelio García-Centeno
Rogelio García-Centeno
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Juan Carlos Percovich
Juan Carlos Percovich
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Ángel Rebollo Román
Ángel Rebollo Román
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Paola Gracia Gimeno
Paola Gracia Gimeno
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Rollo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
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Cristina Robles Lázaro
Cristina Robles Lázaro
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Complejo Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Manuel Morales
Manuel Morales
Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department-CDB, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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María Calatayud
María Calatayud
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Simone Andree Furio Collao
Simone Andree Furio Collao
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Diego Meneses
Diego Meneses
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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Miguel Antonio Sampedro Nuñez
Miguel Antonio Sampedro Nuñez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Verónica Escudero Quesada
Verónica Escudero Quesada
Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peser, Valencia, Spain
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Elena Mena Ribas
Elena Mena Ribas
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Islas Baleares, Spain
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Alicia Sanmartín Sánchez
Alicia Sanmartín Sánchez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Islas Baleares, Spain
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Cesar Gonzalvo Diaz
Cesar Gonzalvo Diaz
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario De Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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Cristina Lamas
Cristina Lamas
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario De Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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Raquel Guerrero-Vázquez
Raquel Guerrero-Vázquez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
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María del Castillo Tous
María del Castillo Tous
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
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Joaquín Serrano
Joaquín Serrano
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Theodora Michalopoulou
Theodora Michalopoulou
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
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Eva María Moya Mateo
Eva María Moya Mateo
Internal Medicine, Hospital Infanta Leonor de Vallecas, Madrid, Spain
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Felicia Hanzu
Felicia Hanzu
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, IDIPAS, Barcelona, Spain
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-only (OR 7.7 (2.64–22.32)), and patients with ACS–PA had a five-fold higher risk of having experienced a cardiovascular event than those with ACS-only (OR 5.0 (2.29–11.07)). However, patients with isolated ACS had higher HbA1c levels than patients with ACS
Gemma White
Gemma White
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Anand Velusamy
Anand Velusamy
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Samantha Anandappa
Samantha Anandappa
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Michael Masucci
Michael Masucci
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Louise A Breen
Louise A Breen
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Mamta Joshi
Mamta Joshi
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Barbara McGowan
Barbara McGowan
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Johnathan G H Hubbard
Johnathan G H Hubbard
Department of Endocrine Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Rupert Obholzer
Rupert Obholzer
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Dimitra Christodoulou
Dimitra Christodoulou
Department of Radiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Audrey Jacques
Audrey Jacques
Department of Radiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Philip Touska
Philip Touska
Department of Radiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Fahim-Ul Hassan
Fahim-Ul Hassan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Louise Izatt
Louise Izatt
Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Paul V Carroll
Paul V Carroll
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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case and other affected family members, considering high-risk features for aggressive disease outlined in the literature including metastatic disease, multifocality, primary tumour size (>5 cm for PCC and >3 cm for PGL), pathogenic variant, extra
Debra M Gordon
Debra M Gordon
University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Pablo Beckers
Pablo Beckers
Department of Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
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Emilie Castermans
Emilie Castermans
Department of Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
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Sebastian J C M M Neggers
Sebastian J C M M Neggers
Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Liliya Rostomyan
Liliya Rostomyan
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
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Vincent Bours
Vincent Bours
Department of Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
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Patrick Petrossians
Patrick Petrossians
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
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Vinciane Dideberg
Vinciane Dideberg
Department of Human Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
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Albert Beckers
Albert Beckers
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
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Adrian F Daly
Adrian F Daly
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège Université, Liège, Belgium
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activation of multiple targets of HIF1α. SDHx germline pathological variants are a major cause of familial disease, and SDHB accounts for about 10% of familial cases and has a relatively high risk of metastasis. Genetic testing regimes are in place
