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Rong Xu Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Difei Lian Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yan Xie Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Lin Mu Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Yali Wu Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Zhilei Chen Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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Baoyu Zhang Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China

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). The development of osteoporosis is associated with a variety of factors, including hormone changes and calcium and vitamin D deficiency, and there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress is also a potential mechanism for age-related bone loss

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Nancy Martini Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM-UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

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Lucas Streckwall Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM-UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

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Antonio Desmond McCarthy Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM-UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

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atheromatous lesions and a high thrombotic risk. Taken together, while osteoporosis and osteopenia increase the risk of low-stress or fragility bone fractures ( 3 ), AC loading increases the risk of stroke, dementia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal

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Marcela Moraes Mendes Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Patricia Borges Botelho Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

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Helena Ribeiro Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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stress fracture of the tibia or fibula and 600 matched controls who did not experience a stress fracture, there was double the risk of stress fractures of the tibia and fibula in women with serum 25(OH)D concentrations of less than 50 mol/L compared to

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Kevin D Cashman Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

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, which could then be compared with other world regions, particularly North America. It is important to stress that prevalence estimates can vary by member state within Europe and also by age grouping. For example, data from the four nationally

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Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester, UK

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Lisa H Barraclough Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester, UK

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Rohit Kochhar Department of Clinical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Lucy Buckley Department of Radiology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Nooreen Alam Department of Radiotherapy, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Claire E Higham Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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diagnosis of RRIFs is 8–39 months ( 7 ), at a time point when new pelvic symptoms are often concerning for relapse of cancer. The occurrence of RRIFs in the absence of trauma further adds to this stress of patients. RRIFs have been widely reported since

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Julia Herteux Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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Simon Johannes Geiger Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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Christina Starchl Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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Johanna Windisch Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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Theresa Lerchl Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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Adelina Tmava-Berisha Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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Gerit Wünsch Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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Kathrin Eller Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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Karin Amrein Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria

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result of low-impact trauma/inadequate trauma (e.g. fall/stress fracture), 21 fractures (39.6%) were classified as osteoporotic and for 12 (22.6%) no further details were available. Subdivided by anatomical regions, the following fractures were counted

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Thorben Hoffmann Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Yousef Ashraf Tawfik Morcos Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Ruth Janoschek Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Eva-Maria Turnwald Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Antje Gerken Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Annette Müller Center for Pediatric Pathology at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Gerhard Sengle Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany

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Jörg Dötsch Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Sarah Appel Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother Department of Pediatrics, and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

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://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2019.03.001 ) 30 Jung TW Kim HC Kim HU Park T Park J Kim U Kim MK Jeong JH . Asprosin attenuates insulin signaling pathway through PKCδ‐activated ER stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle . Journal of Cellular

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Jiaxin Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Jinlan Jiang Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yao Qin School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yihui Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yungang Wu Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Huadong Xu School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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apoptosis of bone mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts through oxidative stress, which is related to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis ( 8 , 9 ). The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a new inflammatory index based on peripheral blood neutrophils

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Laurent Maïmoun Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France

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Denis Mariano-Goulart Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France

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Helena Huguet Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Eric Renard Departement d’Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 5203/INSERM U661/Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Patrick Lefebvre Departement d’Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Marie-Christine Picot Unité de Recherche Clinique et Epidémiologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
CIC INSERM 1411, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

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Anne-Marie Dupuy Département de Biochimie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Jean-Paul Cristol PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
Département de Biochimie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Philippe Courtet Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Département d’Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Vincent Boudousq Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France

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Antoine Avignon Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Sébastien Guillaume Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Département d’Urgence et Post-Urgence Psychiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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Ariane Sultan PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France

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biomechanical stress on bones in animals . Bone 2002 30 781 – 786 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(0200707-x ) 19 Zhao LJ Liu YJ Liu PY Hamilton J Recker RR Deng HW . Relationship of obesity with osteoporosis . Journal of Clinical

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Róża Aleksandrowicz Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Bialystok, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland

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Marek Strączkowski Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Bialystok, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland

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increases TGF-β signaling, resulting in ECM rearrangement. It was indicated that as a result of the formation of oxidative stress and inflammation, growth factors are stimulated, which include, for example, TGF-β1, and these are involved in the abnormal

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