as kg/m 2 . The Tanner score was used to assess baseline secondary sexual characteristics. Because our centre is a tertiary hospital, many patients were referred to our hospital after having received some hormone treatment. Information regarding
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Rui-yi Tang, Rong Chen, Miao Ma, Shou-qing Lin, Yi-wen Zhang, and Ya-ping Wang
Yanfei Chen, Mei Li, Binrong Liao, Jingzi Zhong, and Dan Lan
development of internal and external reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys ( 1 ). In recent years, the age of puberty initiation has been declining all over the world, paralleled by the increasing
Rafaella Sales de Freitas, Thiago F A França, and Sabine Pompeia
involves neuroendocrine changes leading to maturation of the gonads, acceleration of growth in height, and development of secondary sexual characteristics. The kisspeptin peptides, produced by small groups of neurons in the hypothalamus, play a key role in
Mei Li, Yanfei Chen, Binrong Liao, Jing Tang, Jingzi Zhong, and Dan Lan
luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a common pediatric endocrine disease due to premature reactivation of the HPG axis leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the
Shota Dzemaili, Jitske Tiemensma, Richard Quinton, Nelly Pitteloud, Diane Morin, and Andrew A Dwyer
induce secondary sexual characteristics and menses ( 4 ). Combined gonadotropin therapy or physiologic treatment with pulsatile GnRH are equally effective for inducing fertility in the vast majority of cases ( 10 ). Compared to fertile counterparts
Jennifer K Y Ko, Thomas F J King, Louise Williams, Sarah M Creighton, and Gerard S Conway
after completion of puberty ( 2 ). Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is required after gonadectomy in order to maintain secondary sexual characteristics, bone and cardiovascular health and to promote general wellbeing and sexual function. In the study by
Qiuli Liu, Lin-ang Wang, Jian Su, Dali Tong, Weihua Lan, Luofu Wang, Gaolei Liu, Jun Zhang, Victor Wei Zhang, Dianzheng Zhang, Rongrong Chen, Qingyi Zhu, and Jun Jiang
increased ACTH secretion. Patients present with hypertension, hypokalemia and hypogonadism. Both 46, XY and 46, XX individuals have feminine external genitalia and present with amenorrhea and absent secondary sexual characteristics during puberty ( 2
Britt J van Keulen, Conor V Dolan, Bibian van der Voorn, Ruth Andrew, Brian R Walker, Hilleke Hulshoff Pol, Dorret I Boomsma, Joost Rotteveel, and Martijn J J Finken
committee of the Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc. Participants were physically examined by a researcher for pubertal stage at ages 9 and 12 years. The examination was based on secondary sexual characteristics according to Marshall and Tanner, that is, breast
Teodoro Durá-Travé, Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano, María Malumbres-Chacon, Lotfi Ahmed-Mohamed, María Jesús Chueca -Guindulain, and Sara Berrade-Zubiri
sexual precocity have suppressed basal LH levels. That is, the presence of a high concentration of estradiol with low basal gonadotropins together with a rapid development of secondary sexual characteristics should compel to investigate for peripheral
Nandini Shankara Narayana, Lam P Ly, Veena Jayadev, Carolyn Fennell, Sasha Savkovic, Ann J Conway, and David J Handelsman
sexual characteristics in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism . Journal of Sexual Medicine 2011 8 3471 – 3478 .
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