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Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Exercise Physiology, Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Radiology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Radiology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Exercise Physiology, Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Institute of Mathematics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Division of Pediatric Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Objective
Children with suprasellar brain damage are at risk of hypothalamic dysfunction (HD). HD may lead to decreased resting energy expenditure (REE). Decreased REE, however, is not present in all children with HD. Our aim was to assess which children suspect for HD have low REE, and its association with clinical severity of HD or radiological hypothalamic damage.
Patients and methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed. Measured REE (mREE) of children at risk of HD was compared to predicted REE (pREE). Low REE was defined as mREE <90% of predicted. The mREE/pREE quotient was associated to a clinical score for HD symptoms and to radiological hypothalamic damage.
Results
In total, 67 children at risk of HD (96% brain tumor diagnosis) with a mean BMI SDS of +2.3 ± 1.0 were included. Of these, 45 (67.2%) had low mREE. Children with severe HD had a significant lower mean mREE/pREE quotient compared to children with no, mild, or moderate HD. Mean mREE/pREE quotient of children with posterior hypothalamic damage was significantly lower compared to children with no or anterior damage. Tumor progression or tumor recurrence, severe clinical HD, and panhypopituitarism with diabetes insipidus (DI) were significant risk factors for reduced REE.
Conclusion
REE may be lowered in children with hypothalamic damage and is associated to the degree of clinical HD. REE is, however, not lowered in all children suspect for HD. For children with mild or moderate clinical HD symptoms, REE measurements may be useful to distinguish between those who may benefit from obesity treatment that increases REE from those who would be better helped using other obesity interventions.
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Purpose
Intracranial germ cell tumors frequently arise from the midline of the brain, occasionally presenting as bifocal diseases. The predominant lesion might affect clinical characteristics and neuroendocrine outcomes.
Method
A retrospective cohort study involving 38 patients with intracranial bifocal germ cell tumors was performed.
Result
Twenty-one patients were assigned to the sellar-predominant group, while the other 17 patients were assigned to the non-sellar-predominant group. Differences in gender ratio, age, manifestation, the incidence of metastasis, the incidence of elevated tumor markers, human chorionic gonadotropin levels in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid, diagnostic method, and tumor type were not significant between the sellar-predominant group and the non-sellar-predominant group. Before treatment, the sellar-predominant group had a higher incidence of adenohypophysis hormone deficiencies and central diabetes insipidus than those of the non-sellar-predominant group, without significant differences. After multidisciplinary therapy, the sellar-predominant group also had a higher incidence of adenohypophysis hormone deficiencies and central diabetes insipidus than those of the non-sellar-predominant group. The differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis impairment (P = 0.008), hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis impairment (P = 0.048), and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonad (HPG) axis impairment (P = 0.029) were significant between sellar-predominant group and non-sellar-predominant group, while the others were not. At median 6 (3, 43) months of follow-up visit, sellar-predominant group had a higher incidence of adenohypophysis hormone deficiencies than those of non-sellar-predominant group. The differences in the HPA impairment (P = 0.002), HPT impairment (P = 0.024), and HPG impairment (P < 0.000) were significant, while the others were not. Further comparison of the neuroendocrine function between different subtypes of sellar-predominant patients indicated that the differences in adenohypophysis hormone deficiencies and central diabetes insipidus were not significant between the two subtype groups.
Conclusion
Bifocal patients with different predominant lesions present similar manifestations and neuroendocrine disorders before treatment. Non-sellar-predominant patients would have better neuroendocrine outcomes after tumor treatment. The distinction of the predominant lesion in patients with bifocal intracranial germ cell tumor plays a valuable role in predicting neuroendocrine outcomes, as well as in optimizing long-term neuroendocrine management during survival time.
Division of Epidemiology and Biometry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
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Objective
It is well known that both genetic background and lifestyle influence the development of ‘general’ obesity. However, the role of parental body mass index (BMI) on the development of obesity in long-term survivors of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (CP) is not well understood. This study analyzed the correlation of patients’ BMI at diagnosis and last visit and parental BMI at CP diagnosis and further explored potential risk factors for obesity in CP patients.
Design
This is a registry-based retrospective cohort study.
Methods
In total,291 CP patients and their parents recruited in the German KRANIOPHARYNGEOM studies were included. Correlations between patient’s BMI SDS at CP diagnosis and last visit and parental BMI at CP diagnosis were analyzed. The associations between hypothalamic damage, maternal/paternal BMI and CP patients’ obesity at last visit were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.
Results
At follow-up, 52% of CP patients developed obesity (BMI > 3SDS). Patient’s BMI SDS at last visit was moderately correlated with BMI-SDS at CP diagnosis (r = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.38–0.58, P < 0.001), and also with maternal BMI at diagnosis (r = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.17–0.38, P < 0.001) and paternal BMI at diagnosis (r = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.19–0.41, P < 0.001). However, the contributing role of parental BMI to the pathogenesis of obesity was small compared to the impact of hypothalamic damage.
Conclusion
We conclude that besides hypothalamic damage, parental disposition for obesity is associated with the development of obesity in patients after CP. Our results indicate that also the family situation could have an influence on the development of obesity after CP and might be a therapeutic target.
Significance statement
Survivors of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma are at risk of developing morbid obesity. So far, patients with posterior hypothalamic involvement and lesion were identified as a high risk group. With this study, the influence of parental body mass index on the risk of obesity was investigated. Patient’s body-mass-index at last visit was correlated with maternal and paternal body mass index at diagnosis. With increasing maternal or paternal body mass index, the likelihood of obesity in individuals with CP increased. Nevertheless, the parents’ weight had only a small effect on the development of patients’ obesity compared to hypothalamic damage.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Department of Medicine, Landspitali – The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Objective
Pituitary dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury can have serious physical and psychological consequences, making correct diagnosis and treatment essential. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to study the prevalence of pituitary dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury in an all-female population following detailed endocrinological work-up after screening for pituitary dysfunction in female athletes.
Design
This is a retrospective cohort study.
Methods
Hormone screening blood tests, including serum blood values for thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxin, insulin-like growth factor 1, prolactin, cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen and progesterone, were taken in 133 female athletes. Results were repeatedly outside the reference value in 88 women necessitating further endocrinological evaluation. Two of those were lost to follow-up, and further endocrinological evaluation was performed in 86 participants.
Results
Six women (4.6%, n = 131) were diagnosed with hypopituitarism, four (3.1%) with central hypothyroidism and two with growth hormone deficiency (1.5%). Ten women (7.6%) had hyperprolactinemia, and four (3.1%) of them had prolactinoma. Medical treatment was initiated in 13 (9.9%) women. Significant prognostic factors were not found.
Conclusions
As 12.2% of female athletes with a history of mild traumatic brain injury had pituitary dysfunction (hypopituitarism 4.6%, hyperprolactinemia 7.6%), we conclude that pituitary dysfunction is an important consideration in post-concussion care. Hyperprolactinemia in the absence of prolactinoma may represent pituitary or hypothalamic injury following mild traumatic brain injury.
Significance statement
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has become a growing public health concern as 50 million people worldwide sustain a traumatic brain injury annually, with mTBI being the most common (70–90%). As studies on mTBI have focused on mostly male populations this study aims to explore pituitary dysfunction (PD) in female athletes following mTBI. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first all-female study on PD following mTBI.
The study found that 12.2% of the participating women had PD after mTBI. Six (4.6%) had hypopituitarism and ten (7.6%) had hyperprolactinemia. These findings suggest that PD following mTBI is an important consideration that endocrinologists and other medical staff working with athletes need to be aware of.
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Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Diabeter, National Diabetes Care and Research Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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appointment and (c) the number of post-transfer emergency room (ER) visits and/or hospital admissions related to the chronic disorder ( 18 , 19 ). In order to understand the dropout rate in our centre, we have performed a retrospective cohort study among
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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University Center of Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg–Kiel–Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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Jones AG Colby C Shorr AF . Hyponatremia and hospital outcomes among patients with pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study . BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2008 8 16. ( https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-8-16 ) 16 Schuetz P Haubitz S Christ
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. Natural history of nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas followed without intervention: a retrospective cohort study . Clinical Endocrinology 2023 98 559 – 566 . ( https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14877 ) 20 Drummond JB & Ribeiro-Oliveira ASB . Non
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survival in patients with acromegaly: a retrospective cohort study . European Journal of Endocrinology 2013 169 367 – 376 . ( https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-13-0166 ) 7 Colao A Vandeva S Pivonello R Grasso LF Nachev E Auriemma RS Kalinov K
Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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cohort study . Emerging Microbes and Infections 2021 10 1807 – 1818 . ( https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1969869 ) 6 Salonia A Pontillo M Capogrosso P Gregori S Tassara M Boeri L Carenzi C Abbate C Cignoli D Ferrara AM Severely
