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  • Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes x
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Zhandong Lei Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Yunfei Chen Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Jin Wang Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Yan Zhang Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Wenjuan Shi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Xuejiao Wang Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Dehai Xing Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Dongxue Li Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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Xiangying Jiao Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

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therapies provide promising approaches to the treatment of diabetes. Therefore, a key goal in the treatment of diabetes is to promote the proliferation of β cells and expand the functional β-cell mass. However, the mechanism driving β-cell proliferation as

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Xi Cao Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ming Lu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Rong-Rong Xie Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Li-Ni Song Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Wei-Li Yang Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zhong Xin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Guang-Ran Yang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jin-Kui Yang Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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( 40 ), and thyroid eye disease orbital fibroblast proliferation ( 41 ). Similarly, TSH might promote vascular or other layer proliferation in the retina. Moreover, there might be other possible mechanisms underlying the regulation of DME by TSH, which

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Felix Reschke Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Torben Biester Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Thekla von dem Berge Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Dagmar Jamiolkowski Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Hannover, Germany

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Laura Hasse Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Hannover, Germany

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Francesca Dassie Padua University Hospital, Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova, Veneto, Italy

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Pietro Maffei Padua University Hospital, Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova, Veneto, Italy

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Katharina Klee Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Olga Kordonouri Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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Hagen Ott Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Hannover, Germany

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Thomas Danne Auf Der Bult Children’s Hospital, Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany

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keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and migration ( 8 ). Among other things, this results in a disturbed barrier function and delayed wound healing. In addition, a reduced synthesis of collagen 1, a functional impairment of proliferation

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Weiwei He School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Caoxin Huang Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Xiulin Shi Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Menghua Wu School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Han Li School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Qiuhong Liu School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Xiaofang Zhang Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Yan Zhao Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China

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Xuejun Li Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Center, Xiamen, China

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reduce the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts and the production of ECM ( 51 ). Another study by Parimon et al. found that syndecan-1 was a pro-fibrotic signal and could promote lung fibrosis by reprogramming the phenotypes of alveolar type II cells

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Xiaohui Qi Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ping He Shanghai Hospital Link Center, Shanghai Hospital Development Center, Shanghai, China

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Huayan Yao Computer Net Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Huanhuan Sun Wonders Information Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China

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Jiying Qi Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Min Cao Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Bin Cui Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Guang Ning Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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-term sustained hyperinsulin and hyperglycemic stimulation promote the proliferation of PBG cells, and small genetic mutations that accumulate in this process can sometimes lead to tumors ( 26 ). Thus, differences in cellular origin may be the main reason for the

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Xianghe Chen College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Xinyu Zeng College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Xiao Qiu College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Chi Liu College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Pengcheng Lu College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Ziming Shen College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Xiangxiang Zhou College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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Kang Yang Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China

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excessive mesangial cell proliferation and renal fibrosis caused by diabetic nephropathy via modulation of the TGF-β1/Smad/miR-192 signaling pathway . Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2019 18 3053 – 3061 . ( https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7887 ) 10

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Wang-shu Liu Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Ling-yan Hua Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Su-xiang Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Feng Xu Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Xue-qin Wang Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Chun-feng Lu Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Jian-bin Su Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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Feng Qi Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China

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apoptosis of cardiomyocytes ( 29 ). In addition, SDF-1 can aggravate cardiac remodeling and worsen cardiac function by enhancing the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and collagen production ( 30 ). Correspondingly, plasma SDF-1 levels can serve as a

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Zhaoxiang Liu Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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Mingqiang Zhang Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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Xiaohu Shi Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China

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Wenhui Zhao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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Chenxiang Cao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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Lixia Jin Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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Yanlei Wang Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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Jianzhong Xiao Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

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reactive oxygen species, resulting in the apoptosis of T cells, inhibition of T cell proliferation, as well as expansion of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) ( 4 , 5 ). Tregs play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing the development

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Laura Hasse Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Dagmar Jamiolkowski Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Felix Reschke Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Kerstin Kapitzke Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Jantje Weiskorn Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Olga Kordonouri Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Torben Biester Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Hagen Ott Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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hyperinsulinemia. Accordingly, elevated insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels lead to the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts and thus promote AN ( 38 ). AN is therefore considered an important cutaneous marker of IR not only in adulthood but also in

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Yunyi Ding Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Siyao Lv Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Ruijie Xie Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

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Wei Ye Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital, Hangzhou, China

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Yichen Luo School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

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Yayu Li Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital, Hangzhou, China

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structures triggers an escalation in the expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, sequentially, fosters a series of cellular events encompassing the promotion of podocyte apoptosis, proliferation of mesangial cells, and synthesis of

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