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Kazhan Mollazadegan Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Britt Skogseid Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Johan Botling Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Tobias Åkerström Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Barbro Eriksson Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Staffan Welin Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Anders Sundin Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Joakim Crona Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Introduction Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) constitute a heterogeneous group of different diseases, in terms of biology as well as in patient characteristics and outcomes. The panNENs displaying the highest proliferation rate

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0604
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Anna Gorbacheva Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

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Anna Eremkina Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

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Daria Goliusova Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

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Julia Krupinova Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

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Natalia Mokrysheva Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation

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Introduction Menin is a highly conserved protein encoded by the ubiquitously expressed MEN1 gene. It partakes in the regulation of various intracellular processes, including transcription, maintaining genome stability, proliferation and

Article Type:
Review Article
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Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0494
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access
Vita Birzniece School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia

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Teresa Lam School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Mark McLean School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Navneeta Reddy Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Haleh Shahidipour School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Amy Hayden School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Howard Gurney Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

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Glenn Stone School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia

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Rikke Hjortebjerg Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Jan Frystyk Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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pathway ( 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ). There is increasing evidence that metformin, by modulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), may inhibit cancer proliferation and spread. Recent studies show that metformin inhibits

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0375
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Enrique Pedernera Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Ciudad de México, México

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Flavia Morales-Vásquez Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México

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María J Gómora Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Ciudad de México, México

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Miguel A Almaraz Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Ciudad de México, México

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Esteban Mena Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Secretaría General, Ciudad de México, México
Universidad La Salle, Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad de México, México

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Delia Pérez-Montiel Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México

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Elizabeth Rendon Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología. Ciudad de México, México

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Horacio López-Basave Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México

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Juan Maldonado-Cubas Universidad La Salle, Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad de México, México

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Carmen Méndez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Ciudad de México, México

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, which are derived from ovarian carcinoma ( 21 ). These enzymes have been proposed to determine estrogen levels in the tumor cells, suggesting they are involved in estrogen-mediated tumor cell proliferation ( 13 , 14 , 15 , 21 ). Additionally, the

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0315
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 12
Open access
Josephina G Kuiper PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, AE Utrecht, Netherlands
Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Aline C Fenneman Department of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Anne H van der Spek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Elena Rampanelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Max Nieuwdorp Department of Clinical and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Myrthe P P van Herk-Sukel Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

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Valery E P P Lemmens Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands

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Ernst J Kuipers Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Ron M C Herings PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, AE Utrecht, Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Eric Fliers Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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% ( 2 ). Consequently, 20 to 60% of this synthetic drug is excreted in the stool, resulting in a supraphysiological exposure of the colonic epithelium to thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormones (TH) play an important role in cellular growth, proliferation

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Research Article
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Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0463
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Anela Blažević Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Anand M Iyer Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Marie-Louise F van Velthuysen Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Johannes Hofland Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Peter M van Koestveld Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Gaston J H Franssen Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Richard A Feelders Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Marina Zajec Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical & Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Theo M Luider Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical & Cancer Proteomics, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Wouter W de Herder Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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Leo J Hofland Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands

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are regulated by serotonin-metabolizing enzymes ( 16 ). Serotonin is a well-established profibrotic factor and increased paracrine serotonin signaling is known to induce tissue fibrosis and tumor cell proliferation ( 3 , 4 ). Lower levels of serotonin

Article Type:
Research Article
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Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0020
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 4
Open access
Malgorzata Fuksiewicz Laboratory of Tumor Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland

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Maria Kowalska Laboratory of Tumor Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland

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Agnieszka Kolasinska-Cwikla Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland

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Beata Kotowicz Laboratory of Tumor Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland

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) classification, based on histological malignancy grade (G) and Ki-67% proliferation index, the study group included 112 patients with high-grade tumour: NETG1, Ki-67 < 3%, 55 with intermediate-grade tumour: G2, Ki-67 = 3–20% and 12 patients with low-grade NET G3

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Research Article
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Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0647
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 9
Open access
Hanna Karhapää Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Siru Mäkelä Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Hanna Laurén Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Marjut Jaakkola Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Camilla Schalin-Jäntti Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland

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Micaela Hernberg Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Introduction Treatment outcomes of metastatic melanoma significantly improved after the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). By binding to their ligands, they prevent inhibitory signals, enhance the proliferation of T

Article Type:
Research Article
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Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0562
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Matteo Scopel Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Eugenio De Carlo Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Francesca Bergamo Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Sabina Murgioni Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Riccardo Carandina Radiodiagnostic Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Anna Rita Cervino Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Marta Burei Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Federica Vianello Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Vittorina Zagonel Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy

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Matteo Fassan Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Roberto Vettor Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy

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in both these groups the relationship between bone metastases, primary type/site of NET, laboratory parameters (chromogranin A (CgA), calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D) and proliferation markers (Ki-67 and mitotic index

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Research Article
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Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0568
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 7
Open access
Mark J C van Treijen Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETS Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Catharina M Korse Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETS Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Wieke H Verbeek Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETS Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Gastroenterology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Margot E T Tesselaar Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETS Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Gerlof D Valk Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETS Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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are very diverse in differentiation, secretion, proliferation and molecular profile, leading to a wide spectrum of clinical behavior ( 4 , 5 ). As a consequence of this heterogeneity, prediction of the course of disease in an individual patient is

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Hormones and Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0146
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 10
Open access