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Sara Lomelino Pinheiro Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Ana Saramago Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Branca Maria Cavaco Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Carmo Martins Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Valeriano Leite Serviço de Endocrinologia e Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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Tiago Nunes da Silva Serviço de Endocrinologia e Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal

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– 19 Song A et al. ( 23 ) 2020 Male 51 2.8 380 c.917T>G p.(Leu306Arg) 20 Pinheiro et al. ( 26 ) 2020 Male 60 3.7 472 c.978C>A p.(Tyr326*) PC, parathyroid carcinoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone

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Maria Luisa Brandi Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), Florence, Italy

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Stefania Bandinelli Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy

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Teresa Iantomasi Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Francesca Giusti Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Eleonora Talluri Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Giovanna Sini Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Fabrizio Nannipieri Clinical Research, Abiogen Pharma, Pisa, Italy

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Santina Battaglia Clinical Research, Abiogen Pharma, Pisa, Italy

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Riccardo Giusti Clinical Research, Abiogen Pharma, Pisa, Italy

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Colin Gerard Egan CE Medical Writing SRLS, Pisa, Italy

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Luigi Ferrucci Longitudinal Study Section, Translation Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Introduction Vitamin D is essential for the homeostatic regulation of calcium ( 1 ), and reduced vitamin D intake or inadequate levels can impact upon bone metabolism leading to increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and increased bone

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Georgios Kontogeorgos Section for Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Zoi Mamasoula Section for Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Emily Krantz Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Penelope Trimpou Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Section for Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Kerstin Landin-Wilhelmsen Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Section for Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Christine M Laine Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Endocrine Out-Patient Clinic, Carlanderska Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Introduction Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a rare endocrine disorder with insufficient levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The phosphate and calcium imbalance increases the risk of ectopic

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Johanna Öberg Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Rolf Jorde Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Yngve Figenschau Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Per Medbøe Thorsby Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Sandra Rinne Dahl Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway

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Anne Winther Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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Guri Grimnes Tromso Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway

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to 25(OH)D measurements ( 15 , 16 ). The aim of this study was therefore to compare 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH) 2 D, 24,25(OH) 2 D, DBP, free 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH) 2 D)/25(OH)D, VMR, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), according to

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Keiko Ohkuwa Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiminori Sugino Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Ryohei Katoh Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Mitsuji Nagahama Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Wataru Kitagawa Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Kenichi Matsuzu Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Akifumi Suzuki Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Chisato Tomoda Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiyomi Hames Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Junko Akaishi Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Chie Masaki Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Kana Yoshioka Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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Koichi Ito Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

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collection test data (serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (intact PTH), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), white blood cell count, and platelet count), and the size of the parathyroid mass were collected from medical charts. The size of the

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Magdaléna Fořtová Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Lenka Hanousková Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Martin Valkus Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Jana Čepová Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Richard Průša Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Karel Kotaška Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

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Introduction About 80–90% of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) cases are caused by parathyroid adenoma. Long-term increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion leads to a generalized disorder of calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism. The

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Lu Yang Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Xingguo Jing Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Hua Pang Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Lili Guan Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Mengdan Li Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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-CT  >13 mm 0  7–13 mm 1  <7 mm or no lesions 2 WIN  >1600 0  801–1600 1  <800 2 MGD, multiglandular disease; PTH, parathyroid hormone. The most commonly used are the CaPTHUS score

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Behnaz Abiri Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Majid Valizadeh Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

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Shirin Amini Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran

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Mohammad Nikoohemmat Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Faeze Abbaspour Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Farhad Hosseinpanah Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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may influence adipose tissue differentiation and growth, impacting obesity through gene expression regulation or by modulating parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and leptin ( 11 , 12 , 13 ). While several observational studies have explored the link

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Heng Yeh Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Hsuan Yeh College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Chun-Cheng Chiang College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Ju-Ching Yen College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

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I-Kuan Wang College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

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Shou-Hsuan Liu College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Cheng-Chia Lee College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Cheng-Hao Weng College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Wen-Hung Huang College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Ching-Wei Hsu College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Tzung-Hai Yen College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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Introduction Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by the hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the parathyroid gland hyperplasia stimulated by CKD-related chronic

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Marcela Moraes Mendes Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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Patricia Borges Botelho Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

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Helena Ribeiro Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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for bone health in adults include the suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion, higher bone mineral density, reduced rates of bone loss, and decreases in fractures and falls ( 10 , 54 ). There is a general comprehension that circulating 25(OH

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