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Huiyuan Zhai
Huiyuan Zhai
Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Dongxu Wang
Dongxu Wang
Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yong Wang
Yong Wang
Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Hongwei Gu
Hongwei Gu
Central Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Juan Jv
Juan Jv
Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Liangliang Yuan
Liangliang Yuan
Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Chao Wang
Chao Wang
Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Leiyao Chen
Leiyao Chen
Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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to form a characteristic feature known as a crown-like structure (CLS) ( 8 ). M1 macrophages in adipose tissue are considered instigators of insulin resistance due to the secretion of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα ( 9 ). Chronic
Rongpeng Gong
Rongpeng Gong
Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China
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Yuanyuan Liu
Yuanyuan Liu
Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China
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Gang Luo
Gang Luo
Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, People’s Republic of China
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Jiahui Yin
Jiahui Yin
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zuomiao Xiao
Zuomiao Xiao
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
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Tianyang Hu
Tianyang Hu
Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Background Insulin resistance (IR) is a systemic disorder of glucose metabolism that results in changes in multiple organs and insulin regulatory pathways ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). The clinical significance of IR has become clear over the past few
Peter Wolf
Peter Wolf
Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Alexandre Dormoy
Alexandre Dormoy
Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Luigi Maione
Luigi Maione
Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Sylvie Salenave
Sylvie Salenave
Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Jacques Young
Jacques Young
Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Peter Kamenický
Peter Kamenický
Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Philippe Chanson
Philippe Chanson
Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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mortality, mainly because of cardio-metabolic complications ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Impaired glucose metabolism is frequently observed in acromegaly. It is mainly caused by the insulin-antagonizing effects of GH-inducing hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance
Jan W Eriksson
Jan W Eriksson
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Reem A Emad
Reem A Emad
Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Martin H Lundqvist
Martin H Lundqvist
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Niclas Abrahamsson
Niclas Abrahamsson
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Maria C Kjellsson
Maria C Kjellsson
Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Introduction Development of type 2 diabetes has been perceived as a process that involves progressive insulin resistance in muscles, adipose tissue, and liver and a gradual failure of pancreatic beta cells to secrete sufficient amounts of
Yansu Wang
Yansu Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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Yun Shen
Yun Shen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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Tingting Hu
Tingting Hu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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Yufei Wang
Yufei Wang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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Xiaojing Ma
Xiaojing Ma
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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Haoyong Yu
Haoyong Yu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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Yuqian Bao
Yuqian Bao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between serum clusterin levels and NAFLD in the Chinese population. In addition, due to the tight relationship between insulin resistance and clusterin ( 20 ), a mediation analysis would
Pernille H Hellmann
Pernille H Hellmann
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jonatan I Bagger
Jonatan I Bagger
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Katrine R Carlander
Katrine R Carlander
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Katrine B Hansen
Katrine B Hansen
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Julie L Forman
Julie L Forman
Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Joachim Størling
Joachim Størling
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Elizaveta Chabanova
Elizaveta Chabanova
Department of Radiology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Jens Holst
Jens Holst
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tina Vilsbøll
Tina Vilsbøll
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Filip K Knop
Filip K Knop
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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that expression of 2% of our genome is regulated by glucocorticoids ( 5 ). Prednisolone is known to induce insulin resistance, increased hepatic glucose production, hyperglycaemia and secondary diabetes. Even lean, healthy individuals can experience
Sarantis Livadas
Sarantis Livadas
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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Christina Bothou
Christina Bothou
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej
Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland
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Ralitsa Robeva
Ralitsa Robeva
Ushate ‘acad. IV. Penchev’, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Andromahi Vryonidou
Andromahi Vryonidou
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Jelica Bjekic Macut
Jelica Bjekic Macut
Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ioannis Androulakis
Ioannis Androulakis
Endocrine Unit, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece
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Milica Opalic
Milica Opalic
Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zadalla Mouslech
Zadalla Mouslech
1st Medical Propedeutic, Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Andrej Milewicz
Andrej Milewicz
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, University of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland
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Alessandra Gambineri
Alessandra Gambineri
Department of Medical and Surgical Science-DIMEC Endocrinology Unit, University of Bologna – S. Orsola-Mapighi Hospital, Italy
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Dimitrios Panidis
Dimitrios Panidis
Gynaecological Endocrinology Infirmary of the Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Djuro Macut
Djuro Macut
Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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been observed in prospective studies of large PCOS cohorts of mostly obese women ( 2 , 3 ), since the two preconditions for T2DM development are encountered in PCOS. Specifically, profound insulin resistance (IR) constitutes a key player underlying
Michelle J Galvan
Michelle J Galvan
Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Michael J Sanchez
Michael J Sanchez
Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Andrew J McAinch
Andrew J McAinch
Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jeffrey D Covington
Jeffrey D Covington
Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Jason B Boyle
Jason B Boyle
Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Sudip Bajpeyi
Sudip Bajpeyi
Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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dramatic increase in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 2 ). Adherence is further challenging for those with obesity and T2DM suffering from defects in lipid oxidation capacity, musculoskeletal pain, and peripheral neuropathy
Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge
Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge
Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Nicole G Jaff
Nicole G Jaff
Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Shane A Norris
Shane A Norris
SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Marketa Toman
Marketa Toman
Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Nigel J Crowther
Nigel J Crowther
Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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, several studies have shown that low levels of adiponectin are associated with a heightened risk for hypertension ( 3 , 4 ), insulin resistance, diabetes ( 5 ) and inflammation ( 6 ), while higher levels are cardioprotective ( 5 , 7 ). Regional fat
Yang Yu
Yang Yu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Hairong Hao
Hairong Hao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Linghui Kong
Linghui Kong
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Jie Zhang
Jie Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Feng Bai
Feng Bai
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Fei Guo
Fei Guo
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Pan Wei
Pan Wei
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Rui Chen
Rui Chen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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Wen Hu
Wen Hu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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with insulin resistance. Since then, an increasing number of findings suggest ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ) that elevated BCAA levels are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our previous cross-sectional study of 1302
