Sophie Howarth
Sophie Howarth
Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Sophie Howarth in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Sophie Howarth in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Luca Giovanelli
Luca Giovanelli
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Luca Giovanelli in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Luca Giovanelli in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Catherine Napier
Catherine Napier
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Catherine Napier in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Catherine Napier in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Simon H Pearce
Simon H Pearce
Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Simon H Pearce in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Simon H Pearce in
Google Scholar
PubMed
as type 1 diabetes, autoimmune hypothyroidism and pernicious anaemia. Complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors gives rise to immune-mediated destruction of the steroid-producing cells of the adrenal cortex. As in type 1 diabetes
Natacha Driessens
Natacha Driessens
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Endocrinology, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium
Search for other papers by Natacha Driessens in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Natacha Driessens in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Madhu Prasai
Madhu Prasai
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Endocrinology, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium
Search for other papers by Madhu Prasai in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Madhu Prasai in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Orsalia Alexopoulou
Orsalia Alexopoulou
Department of Endocrinology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
Search for other papers by Orsalia Alexopoulou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Orsalia Alexopoulou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Christophe De Block
Christophe De Block
Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Metabolism, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen & University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat, Edegem, Belgium
Search for other papers by Christophe De Block in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Christophe De Block in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Eva Van Caenegem
Eva Van Caenegem
Department of Endocrinology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan Brugge – Oostende AV, Ruddershove, Brugge, Belgium
Search for other papers by Eva Van Caenegem in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Eva Van Caenegem in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Guy T’Sjoen
Guy T’Sjoen
Department of Endocrinology, Ghent Universitary Hospital, C. Heymanslaan, Gent, Belgium
Search for other papers by Guy T’Sjoen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Guy T’Sjoen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Frank Nobels
Frank Nobels
Department of Endocrinology, Onze-Lieve Vrouw Ziekenhuis, Moorselbaan, Aalst, Belgium
Search for other papers by Frank Nobels in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Frank Nobels in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Christophe Ghys
Christophe Ghys
Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, Brussels, Belgium
Search for other papers by Christophe Ghys in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Christophe Ghys in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Laurent Vroonen
Laurent Vroonen
Department of Endocrinology, Cliniques Universitaires de Liège, Avenue de l’hôpital, Liège, Belgium
Search for other papers by Laurent Vroonen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Laurent Vroonen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Corinne Jonas
Corinne Jonas
Department of Endocrinology, CHU UCL Namur - Godinne, Avenue Docteur Gaston Thérasse, Yvoir, Belgium
Search for other papers by Corinne Jonas in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Corinne Jonas in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Bernard Corvilain
Bernard Corvilain
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Department of Endocrinology, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium
Search for other papers by Bernard Corvilain in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bernard Corvilain in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Dominique Maiter
Dominique Maiter
Department of Endocrinology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
Search for other papers by Dominique Maiter in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Dominique Maiter in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a rare disease, most commonly of auto-immune origin. There is a global variation in prevalence from 80 to 145 per million in Europe, with the highest case numbers reported in Scandinavian
Marta Fichna
Marta Fichna
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Search for other papers by Marta Fichna in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marta Fichna in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Piotr P Małecki
Piotr P Małecki
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Search for other papers by Piotr P Małecki in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Piotr P Małecki in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Magdalena Żurawek
Magdalena Żurawek
Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Search for other papers by Magdalena Żurawek in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Magdalena Żurawek in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Katarzyna Furman
Katarzyna Furman
Ludwik Perzyna Regional Hospital, Kalisz, Poland
Search for other papers by Katarzyna Furman in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Katarzyna Furman in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Bolesław Gębarski
Bolesław Gębarski
Regional Outpatient Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland
Search for other papers by Bolesław Gębarski in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bolesław Gębarski in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Piotr Fichna
Piotr Fichna
Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Search for other papers by Piotr Fichna in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Piotr Fichna in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Marek Ruchała
Marek Ruchała
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Search for other papers by Marek Ruchała in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marek Ruchała in
Google Scholar
PubMed
half of them present with additional autoimmune diseases ( 5 , 6 , 7 ). This particular trait suggests an inborn immune defect, which potentially may be transmitted within their families. However, most of the autoimmune endocrine diseases, including
Gregory Knowles
Gregory Knowles
Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall, UK
Search for other papers by Gregory Knowles in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Gregory Knowles in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Emily Warmington
Emily Warmington
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Emily Warmington in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Emily Warmington in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Lisa M Shepherd
Lisa M Shepherd
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Lisa M Shepherd in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Lisa M Shepherd in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jonathan M Hazlehurst
Jonathan M Hazlehurst
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Jonathan M Hazlehurst in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Jonathan M Hazlehurst in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Anne de Bray
Anne de Bray
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Anne de Bray in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Anne de Bray in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Helena Gleeson
Helena Gleeson
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Helena Gleeson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Helena Gleeson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Wiebke Arlt
Wiebke Arlt
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
Search for other papers by Wiebke Arlt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
Search for other papers by Wiebke Arlt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Alessandro Prete
Alessandro Prete
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Alessandro Prete in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Alessandro Prete in
Google Scholar
PubMed
from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure and death. One key negative prognostic factor for severe COVID-19 is compromised immunity and increased infection risk ( 13 ); as such, patients with PAI are assumed
Clara Lundetoft Clausen
Clara Lundetoft Clausen
Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
Search for other papers by Clara Lundetoft Clausen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Clara Lundetoft Clausen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Trine Holm Johannsen
Trine Holm Johannsen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Trine Holm Johannsen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Trine Holm Johannsen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Niels Erik Skakkebæk
Niels Erik Skakkebæk
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Niels Erik Skakkebæk in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Niels Erik Skakkebæk in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hanne Frederiksen
Hanne Frederiksen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Hanne Frederiksen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hanne Frederiksen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Anders Juul in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Anders Juul in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Thomas Benfield
Thomas Benfield
Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Thomas Benfield in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Thomas Benfield in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Vlachogiannis NI Paraskevis D Kaltsas GA Chrousos GP , et al. Alterations in cortisol and interleukin-6 secretion in patients with COVID-19 suggestive of neuroendocrine-immune adaptations. Endocrine 2022 75 317 – 327 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020
Hanna F Nowotny
Hanna F Nowotny
Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for other papers by Hanna F Nowotny in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hanna F Nowotny in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jillian Bryce
Jillian Bryce
Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Search for other papers by Jillian Bryce in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jillian Bryce in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Salma R Ali
Salma R Ali
Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Search for other papers by Salma R Ali in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Salma R Ali in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Roberta Giordano
Roberta Giordano
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Search for other papers by Roberta Giordano in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Search for other papers by Roberta Giordano in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Federico Baronio
Federico Baronio
Pediatric Unit, Department Hospital of Woman and Child, Endo-ERN Centre IT11, IRCSS AOU S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
Search for other papers by Federico Baronio in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Federico Baronio in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Irina Chifu
Irina Chifu
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
Search for other papers by Irina Chifu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Irina Chifu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Lea Tschaidse
Lea Tschaidse
Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for other papers by Lea Tschaidse in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lea Tschaidse in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Martine Cools
Martine Cools
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Search for other papers by Martine Cools in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Martine Cools in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Erica LT van den Akker
Erica LT van den Akker
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Erica LT van den Akker in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Erica LT van den Akker in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Henrik Falhammar
Henrik Falhammar
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for other papers by Henrik Falhammar in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for other papers by Henrik Falhammar in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra
Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy
Search for other papers by Luca Persani in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy
Search for other papers by Luca Persani in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Guglielmo Beccuti
Guglielmo Beccuti
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Search for other papers by Guglielmo Beccuti in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Guglielmo Beccuti in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ian L Ross
Ian L Ross
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Search for other papers by Ian L Ross in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ian L Ross in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Organisation and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
Search for other papers by Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Alberto M Pereira
Alberto M Pereira
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Alberto M Pereira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alberto M Pereira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Eystein S Husebye
Eystein S Husebye
Department of Clinical Science and KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for other papers by Eystein S Husebye in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for other papers by Eystein S Husebye in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Stefanie Hahner
Stefanie Hahner
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
Search for other papers by Stefanie Hahner in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Stefanie Hahner in
Google Scholar
PubMed
S Faisal Ahmed
S Faisal Ahmed
Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Search for other papers by S Faisal Ahmed in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Search for other papers by S Faisal Ahmed in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for other papers by Nicole Reisch in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nicole Reisch in
Google Scholar
PubMed
-CoV infection leads in about 40% of cases to the development of hypocortisolism, which might be caused by direct cytopathic effects of the virus itself or by immune mediators. This leads to the suggestion that based on the similarity of SARS-CoV-2 proteins to
Annelies van’t Westeinde
Annelies van’t Westeinde
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for other papers by Annelies van’t Westeinde in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Annelies van’t Westeinde in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Leif Karlsson
Leif Karlsson
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for other papers by Leif Karlsson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Leif Karlsson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Valeria Messina
Valeria Messina
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for other papers by Valeria Messina in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Valeria Messina in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Lena Wallensteen
Lena Wallensteen
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for other papers by Lena Wallensteen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lena Wallensteen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Manuela Brösamle
Manuela Brösamle
European Patient Advocacy Group for Adrenal Diseases, European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo ERN), Endo ERN Coordinating Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Manuela Brösamle in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Manuela Brösamle in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Giorgio Dal Maso
Giorgio Dal Maso
ArfSAG (Associazione Refionale Famiglie Sindrome Adreno Genitale) c/o Unita Operativa di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S Orsala-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
Search for other papers by Giorgio Dal Maso in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Giorgio Dal Maso in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Alessandro Lazzerini
Alessandro Lazzerini
Spanish Association of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Spain
Search for other papers by Alessandro Lazzerini in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alessandro Lazzerini in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jette Kristensen
Jette Kristensen
ePAG & Chair of Danish Addison Patient Association, Aarhus, Denmark
Search for other papers by Jette Kristensen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jette Kristensen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Diana Kwast
Diana Kwast
Dutch Adrenal Society NVACP, Nijkerk, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Diana Kwast in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Diana Kwast in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Lea Tschaidse
Lea Tschaidse
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for other papers by Lea Tschaidse in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lea Tschaidse in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Matthias K Auer
Matthias K Auer
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for other papers by Matthias K Auer in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Matthias K Auer in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hanna F Nowotny
Hanna F Nowotny
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for other papers by Hanna F Nowotny in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hanna F Nowotny in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Search for other papers by Luca Persani in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Search for other papers by Luca Persani in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Department of Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for other papers by Nicole Reisch in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nicole Reisch in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Svetlana Lajic
Svetlana Lajic
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Pediatrics, Unit for Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for other papers by Svetlana Lajic in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Svetlana Lajic in
Google Scholar
PubMed
progenitor cells or other programming effects and may be in particular affected in girls treated until term. Moreover, functional brain networks may be altered as a result of structural changes or other effects on neurotransmitter, hormonal or immune function
Irena Kasacka
Irena Kasacka
Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
Search for other papers by Irena Kasacka in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Irena Kasacka in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Żaneta Piotrowska
Żaneta Piotrowska
Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
Search for other papers by Żaneta Piotrowska in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Żaneta Piotrowska in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Natalia Domian
Natalia Domian
Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
Search for other papers by Natalia Domian in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Natalia Domian in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Alicja Lewandowska
Alicja Lewandowska
Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
Search for other papers by Alicja Lewandowska in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alicja Lewandowska in
Google Scholar
PubMed
found ( Fig. 3D ). In turn, the adrenal glands of rats in the remaining control groups (sham operated ( Fig. 3B and E ) and UNX ( Fig. 3C and F )) showed a strong immune signal of β-catenin in the glomerular zone, weak or very weak immune response in
Angelica Sharma
Angelica Sharma
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Angelica Sharma in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Angelica Sharma in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Katharine Lazarus
Katharine Lazarus
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Katharine Lazarus in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Katharine Lazarus in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Deborah Papadopoulou
Deborah Papadopoulou
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Deborah Papadopoulou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Deborah Papadopoulou in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hemanth Prabhudev
Hemanth Prabhudev
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Hemanth Prabhudev in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hemanth Prabhudev in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Tricia Tan
Tricia Tan
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
Search for other papers by Tricia Tan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
Search for other papers by Tricia Tan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Karim Meeran
Karim Meeran
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Karim Meeran in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Search for other papers by Karim Meeran in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Sirazum Choudhury
Sirazum Choudhury
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
Search for other papers by Sirazum Choudhury in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, London, UK
Search for other papers by Sirazum Choudhury in
Google Scholar
PubMed
.2165/00003088-200544010-00003 ) 8 Muller L & Quinkler M . Adrenal disease: imitating the cortisol profile improves the immune system . Nature Reviews. Endocrinology 2018 14 137 – 139 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2018.5 ) 9 Caldato MC Fernandes VT & Kater CE
Riccardo Pofi
Riccardo Pofi
Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Search for other papers by Riccardo Pofi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Riccardo Pofi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ilaria Bonaventura
Ilaria Bonaventura
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
Search for other papers by Ilaria Bonaventura in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ilaria Bonaventura in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Joanne Duffy
Joanne Duffy
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Joanne Duffy in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Joanne Duffy in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Zoe Maunsell
Zoe Maunsell
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
Search for other papers by Zoe Maunsell in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zoe Maunsell in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Brian Shine
Brian Shine
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
Search for other papers by Brian Shine in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Brian Shine in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Andrea M Isidori
Andrea M Isidori
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
Search for other papers by Andrea M Isidori in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Andrea M Isidori in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jeremy W Tomlinson
Jeremy W Tomlinson
Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Search for other papers by Jeremy W Tomlinson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jeremy W Tomlinson in
Google Scholar
PubMed
://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2011.231 ) 19 Venneri MA Hasenmajer V Fiore D Sbardella E Pofi R Graziadio C Gianfrilli D Pivonello C Negri M Naro F , Circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid administration entrains clock genes in immune cells: a
