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Greeks and 2% of the refugees had 25OHD levels >30 ng/mL, whereas 19.2% of Greeks and 70.6% of refugees had severe hypovitaminosis D (<10 ng/mL). Likewise, secondary hyperparathyroidism was more prevalent in refugees. There were no statistically
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, were overweight or obese, with 340 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 years classified as overweight or obese in 2016 ( 2 ). Micronutrient deficiencies, notably hypovitaminosis D, are common in obese patients ( 3 , 4 ). Extensive
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Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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determinants of hypovitaminosis D . Osteoporosis International 2009 20 1807 – 1820 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-0954-6 ) 34 van Schoor N Lips P . Global overview of vitamin D status . Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 2017
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vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D . Osteoporosis International 2009 20 1807 – 1820 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-0954-6 ) 5 Allain TJ Dhesi J . Hypovitaminosis D in older adults . Gerontology 2003 49 273 – 278
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transdifferentiation of VSMC in the arterial wall with the generation of AC ( 6 ), while in the bone it inhibits both bone formation and remodelling ( 10 ). Also, vitamin D levels can affect cardiovascular risk and the probability of bone fractures: hypovitaminosis D
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M . Vitamin D and DBP: the free hormone hypothesis revisited . Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2014 144 132 – 137 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.09.012 ) 8 Hypponen E Power C . Hypovitaminosis D in British
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toxicity – a clinical perspective . Frontiers in Endocrinology 2018 9 550 . ( https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00550 ) 9 Łukaszyk E Bień-Barkowska K Bień B . Cognitive functioning of geriatric patients: is hypovitaminosis D the next marker of
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. The effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on FGF23 and α-klotho in hemodialysis patients with hypovitaminosis D: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial . Journal of Renal Nutrition 2022 32 334 – 340 . ( https://doi.org/10.1053/j
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Josse RG Lips P Morales-Torres J Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D . Osteoporosis International 2009 20 1807 – 1820 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-0954-6 ) 67 Meier C Woitge HW Witte K Lemmer B Seibel