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Izabelle Lövgren Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Azadeh Abravan Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Abigail Bryce-Atkinson Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Marcel van Herk Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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radiation on a tumour cell. Radiation exposure often causes DNA strand breaks in the tumour cell, typically leading to cell death ( 3 ). Figure created with BioRender.com. The hypothalamic–pituitary axis Within the brain, the hypothalamus and

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0298
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Ichelle Maa van Roessel Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, AB Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Boudewijn Bakker Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, AB Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Hanneke M van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, AB Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Wassim Chemaitilly Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UPMC Children’s Hospitalof Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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decreased thyroid function due to the injury of the thyroid gland itself rather than the hypothalamic–pituitary axis that controls it. Primary hypothyroidism has been reported in 14.7% of CCS and may occur after thyroid surgery or radiation to the neck ( 30

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0382
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 1
Open access
Alessandro Barbato Auxo-endocrinology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Giulia Gori Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Michele Sacchini Metabolic and Muscular Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Francesca Pochiero Metabolic and Muscular Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Sara Bargiacchi Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Giovanna Traficante Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Viviana Palazzo Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Lucia Tiberi Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Claudia Bianchini Pediatric Neurology and Neurogenetics Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Davide Mei Pediatric Neurology and Neurogenetics Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Elena Parrini Pediatric Neurology and Neurogenetics Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Tiziana Pisano Pediatric Neurology and Neurogenetics Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Elena Procopio Metabolic and Muscular Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

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Renzo Guerrini Pediatric Neurology and Neurogenetics Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Angela Peron Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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Stefano Stagi Auxo-endocrinology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

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dysfunction. In addition, the alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis might be associated with abnormal interaction between vessels transporting hypothalamic peptides and pituitary cells, as SCO1 is highly expressed in the endothelium ( 26 , 28

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0221
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 10
Open access
Laura Chioma Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

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Carla Bizzarri Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

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Martina Verzani Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

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Daniela Fava Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

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Mariacarolina Salerno Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

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Donatella Capalbo Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy

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Chiara Guzzetti Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Paediatric Hospital Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy

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Laura Penta Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

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Luigi Di Luigi Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico’, Rome, Italy

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Natascia di Iorgi Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

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Mohamad Maghnie Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

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Sandro Loche Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Paediatric Hospital Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy

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Marco Cappa Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

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precocious puberty did not involve boys. Male precocious puberty is overall less common and it is more often the result of predisposing genetic mutations or organic disorders of the hypothalamic – pituitary axis. On the other hand, the impact of environmental

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0650
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Brijesh Krishnappa Department of Endocrinology, K E M Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai, India

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Ravikumar Shah Department of Endocrinology, K E M Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai, India

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Saba Samad Memon Department of Endocrinology, K E M Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai, India

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Chakra Diwaker Department of Endocrinology, K E M Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai, India

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Anurag R Lila Department of Endocrinology, K E M Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai, India

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Virendra A Patil Department of Endocrinology, K E M Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai, India

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Nalini S Shah Department of Endocrinology, K E M Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai, India

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Tushar R Bandgar Department of Endocrinology, K E M Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Mumbai, India

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Introduction Hypophysitis is the general term used to describe any form of sellar and/or suprasellar inflammation that leads to structural changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary axis and varying degrees of anterior and/or posterior pituitary

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0311
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 2
Open access
Marcus Heldmann Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Krishna Chatterjee Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Carla Moran Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Berenike Rogge Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Julia Steinhardt Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Tobias Wagner-Altendorf Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Martin Göttlich Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Hannes Schacht Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Peter Schramm Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Georg Brabant Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Endocrinology, The Christie, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Thomas F Münte Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Anna Cirkel Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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determination of TSH, which is generally normal, or slightly elevated in some cases. However, free thyroxine (fT4) is universally elevated ( 4 ). In RTHβ, the sensitivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis to thyroid hormone is reduced, due to altered signalling

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0473
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 1
Open access
Saroj Kumar Sahoo Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
Division of Endocrinology, Mid and South Essex NHS Trust, Broomfield, UK

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Jayakrishnan C Menon Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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Nidhi Tripathy Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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Monalisa Nayak Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, King’s College Hospital, London, UK

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Subhash Yadav Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

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& Kelestimur F . Hypothalamic-pituitary axis function and adrenal insufficiency in COVID-19 patients . Neuroimmunomodulation 2023 30 215 – 225 . ( https://doi.org/10.1159/000534025 ) 42 Dellinger RP Levy MM Rhodes A Annane D Gerlach H Opal SM

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Research Article
Collections:
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0086
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access
David S McLaren Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Aarani Devi Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Nikolaos Kyriakakis Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Michelle Kwok-Williams Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Robert D Murray Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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brain tumors . New England Journal of Medicine 1993 328 87 – 94 . ( https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199301143280203 ) 15 Kyriakakis N Lynch J Orme SM Gerrard G Hatfield P Short SC Loughrey C & Murray RD . Hypothalamic-pituitary axis

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Pituitary and Hypothalamus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0490
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 9
Open access