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Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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hearing, and bone joint disorder ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ). However, frailty, which was found to be one of the most significant risk factors in recent studies ( 14 ), has not yet been fully explored in diabetic patients yet. Frailty is neither total
Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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prior published studies ( 14 , 15 ). Interview questionnaires consisting of demographics, education level, chronic diseases, medications, falls, activities and instrumental activities of daily living, cognition, frailty, and perceived health were
Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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independent indicator of frailty and mortality ( 2 ). Several observational studies have evaluated the role of vitamin D on skeletal muscle. Plasma concentrations <20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) for 25-OHD are associated with increased risk of musculoskeletal pain ( 3
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been shown to decrease muscle blood supply and thus contribute to frailty syndrome ( 26 ), increasing the individual risk of falls and thus the incidence of bone fractures. Of the clinical studies designed to evaluate the bidirectional relationship
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possibilities could explain this finding. It has been suggested that frailty, illnesses, and malnutrition are associated with lower cholesterol levels ( 31 , 32 ). Higher LDL-C levels might reflect better nutritional and health status, which are likely related
Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
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University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Division of General and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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postsurgical complications may be possible. Finally, confounding by indication is known to be relevant in populations undergoing surgical treatment, since patients with a higher rate of frailty are often not offered a surgical option. Conclusion In this
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Radiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Lundlaan, EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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bone health is the prerequisite for normal bone development during childhood ( 28 ). Children with oncologic disease are at risk for impaired bone health, frailty, and sarcopenia ( 29 ), which in many cases may be prevented with adequate awareness
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328312c37d ) 27 Li G Thabane L Papaioannou A Adachi JD Comparison between frailty index of deficit accumulation and fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in prediction of risk of fractures . Bone 2015 77 107 – 114 . ( https://doi.org/10
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state after several years of reversal, which would indicate a relapse. The cases of reversal and relapse, as well as cases with occasional menses, are likely to have similar mechanisms that are related to frailty of the HPG axis. Based on these
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Division of Musculoskeletal Section, Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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clinical factors that influence bone mineral density and fracture risk, we initially excluded certain variables from the case collection and included others in the analysis. However, some variables, including frailty, height loss of more than 4 cm, or