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Hsiao-Yun Yeh Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Hung-Ta Hondar Wu Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Musculoskeletal Section, Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Hsiao-Chin Shen Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Tzu-Hao Li Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan

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Ying-Ying Yang Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Kuei-Chuan Lee Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yi-Hsuan Lin Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chia-Chang Huang Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Ming-Chih Hou Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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fractures with a more severe clinical impact in the elderly. Having a higher BMI might be a strategy to prevent osteoporosis, as studies have observed a correlation between higher BMI and a decrease in osteoporosis-related fractures in both women and men

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Martine Cohen-Solal Department of Skeletal Diseases, INSERM U1132 & Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

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Thomas Funck-Brentano Department of Skeletal Diseases, INSERM U1132 & Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France

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Pablo Ureña Torres AURA Nord, Saint Ouen, France
Department of Renal Physiology, Necker Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France

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to clinical events related to calcium and phosphate metabolism such as fractures, biochemical abnormalities and cardiovascular events like vascular calcifications ( 1 ). The mineral disorders were added to the previous so-called renal osteodystrophy

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Lu Liu
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Chunyan Li
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Peng Yang
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Jian Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai 200072, China

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Dongmei Gan Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai 200072, China

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Le Bu
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Manna Zhang
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Chunjun Sheng
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Hong Li
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Shen Qu
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increasingly high risk of osteoporosis (1) . Though osteoporosis is often thought of as an older person's disease, it can strike at any age. The disease causes a significant amount of morbidity and mortality in patients and is often diagnosed after a fracture

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Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester, UK

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Lisa H Barraclough Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester, UK

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Rohit Kochhar Department of Clinical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Lucy Buckley Department of Radiology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Nooreen Alam Department of Radiotherapy, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Claire E Higham Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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importance of cancer treatment late effects and survivorship is being increasingly recognised. Bone toxicity, and more specifically radiotherapy-related insufficiency fractures (RRIFs), are well-established late effects of pelvic radiotherapy, with

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Alessandro Brancatella Endocrine Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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fragility fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) Bone mineral density (BMD) estimated by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used to evaluate bone health and fracture risk. Given the good reliability and reproducibility, and low costs, BMD

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Giuseppe Grande Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Andrea Graziani Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Antonella Di Mambro Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Riccardo Selice Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Alberto Ferlin Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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increased risk of fracture, due to alterations in bone density and bone quality ( 19 ). Osteoporosis in subjects with KS: definition and prevalence Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the standard technique to measure bone mineral density (BMD

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Enrique Soto-Pedre Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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Paul J Newey Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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John S Bevan JJR Macleod Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (Mac-DEM), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK

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Graham P Leese Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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interest. Description Admissions (SMR) ICD-9 codes ICD-10 codes Bone fractures 800–829, E887 M484, M80, M81, S02, S12, S22, S32, S42, S52, S62, S72, S82, S92, bib2, bib8, T10, T12, T142 Osteoporotic bone fractures

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Herjan J T Coelingh Bennink Pantarhei Oncology, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Jan Krijgh Pantarhei Oncology, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Jan F M Egberts Terminal 4 Communications, Hilversum, The Netherlands

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Maria Slootweg Independent Consultant, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Harm H E van Melick Department of Urology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands

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Erik P M Roos Department of Urology, Antonius Hospital, Sneek, The Netherlands

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Diederik M Somford Department of Urology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Yvette Zimmerman Pantarhei Oncology, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Iman J Schultz Pantarhei Oncology, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Noel W Clarke The Christie and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trusts, Manchester, UK

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R Jeroen A van Moorselaar Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Frans M J Debruyne Andros Clinics, Arnhem, The Netherlands

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(E) Loss of bone, decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk (E) Fatigue ( T and E) Erection problems (T) Gynecomastia (T and E) Metabolic syndrome (E) Sleeping problems (T and E) Hot flushes and sweating (E

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E M Winter Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands

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A Ireland Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom

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N C Butterfield Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, DuCane Road, London, United Kingdom

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M Haffner-Luntzer Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany

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M-N Horcajada Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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A G Veldhuis-Vlug Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands
Jan van Goyen Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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L Oei Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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G Colaianni Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

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N Bonnet Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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pregnancy and lactation, how fracture healing is affected in these situations, and the pathophysiology of pregnancy- and lactation-induced osteoporosis (PLO). Physiological adaptation of bone to pregnancy and lactation Hormonal changes during

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Ann-Kristin Picke Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

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Graeme Campbell Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany

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Nicola Napoli Diabetes and Bone Network, Department Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA

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Lorenz C Hofbauer Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Martina Rauner Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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complications, the increased risk for fragility fractures has recently been recognized as an important complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, T2DM) ( 3 , 4 , 5 ). While type 1 diabetics have low bone mineral density and a six- to

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