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M Axelstad Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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U Hass Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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M Scholze Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK

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S Christiansen Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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A Kortenkamp Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK

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J Boberg Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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-androgenic EDCs, another mixture of 4 estrogenic EDCs and a total mixture of all 12 EDCs and paracetamol were investigated. The mixture composition for the environmental EDCs was based on high-end human intakes, as described in detail by Christiansen and coworkers

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Xiaomin Li Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Ling Fang Department of Breast Surgery, Cheng Du Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Hongjiang Li Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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Xiaoqin Yang Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

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, has gradually increased recently ( 1 , 2 ). In patients with breast cancer, abnormalities occur in estrogen metabolism, in particular in the level of estrogen and their metabolites. Hydroxylation of the carbon atoms at positions 2, 4, and 16 of the

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Herjan J T Coelingh Bennink Pantarhei Oncology, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Jan Krijgh Pantarhei Oncology, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Jan F M Egberts Terminal 4 Communications, Hilversum, The Netherlands

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Maria Slootweg Independent Consultant, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Harm H E van Melick Department of Urology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands

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Erik P M Roos Department of Urology, Antonius Hospital, Sneek, The Netherlands

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Diederik M Somford Department of Urology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Yvette Zimmerman Pantarhei Oncology, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Iman J Schultz Pantarhei Oncology, Zeist, The Netherlands

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Noel W Clarke The Christie and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trusts, Manchester, UK

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R Jeroen A van Moorselaar Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Frans M J Debruyne Andros Clinics, Arnhem, The Netherlands

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important estrogen in men, ADT causes serious estrogen deficiency, which is heavily underestimated and results in subjective symptoms such as hot flushes and sweats, arthralgia, fatigue, mood changes and depression, sleep disturbances, cognition problems and

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Emmanuelle Noirrit Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France

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Mélissa Buscato Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France

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Marion Dupuis Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France

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Bernard Payrastre Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
CHU de Toulouse, Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Toulouse, France

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Coralie Fontaine Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France

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Jean-François Arnal Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France

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Marie-Cécile Valera Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France

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Introduction Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation and ovulation due to ovarian failure. The decline in estrogen and progesterone levels in women can lead to a number of bothersome symptoms. The most common include

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Yali Cheng Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qiaoying Lv Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingying Xie Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingyi Yang Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Weiwei Shan Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Chengcheng Ning Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bing Li Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Liying Xie Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Chao Gu Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xuezhen Luo Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaojun Chen Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qin Zhu Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Introduction Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant genital tumors among females worldwide, with an estimated 61,380 new cases in America in 2017 ( 1 ). It is known that type1 EC is estrogen-dependent tumor. Sustained

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Anastasia K Armeni Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Konstantinos Assimakopoulos Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Dimitra Marioli Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Vassiliki Koika Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Euthychia Michaelidou Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Niki Mourtzi Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Gregoris Iconomou Department of Psychiatry, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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Neoklis A Georgopoulos Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece

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moderate size. Data have shown that additive and non-additive genetic effects explained 21–35% of the variation in desire, 24–26% in subjective arousal and 16–25% in lubrication ( 1 , 2 ). Central regulatory role of estrogens in female sexuality is

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Maki Igarashi Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Tadayuki Ayabe Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Keiko Matsubara Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Hatoko Sasaki Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Mayako Saito-Abe Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Miori Sato Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Nathan Mise Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Akihiko Ikegami Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Masayuki Shimono Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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Reiko Suga Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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Shouichi Ohga Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

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Masafumi Sanefuji Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

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Masako Oda Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan

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Hiroshi Mitsubuchi Department of Neonatology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan

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Takehiro Michikawa Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Shin Yamazaki Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Shoji Nakayama Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Yukihiro Ohya Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Maki Fukami Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Landersoe SK Petersen JH Andersen AN Vestergaard ET Schorring ME Linneberg A Sex-specific estrogen levels and reference intervals from infancy to late adulthood determined by LC-MS/MS . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2020 105

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Lauren R Cirrincione Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Bridgit O Crews Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA

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Jane A Dickerson Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Matthew D Krasowski Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Jessica Rongitsch Internal Medicine, Capitol Hill Medical, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Katherine L Imborek Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Zil Goldstein Department of Medicine, Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, New York, USA
CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, USA

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Dina N Greene Washington Kaiser Permanente, Renton, Washington, USA
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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time, and affordability ( 5 ). Despite these advantages, early reports established cross-reactivity between estrogenic metabolites (including unconjugated and conjugated estrone, a weak estrogen) and anti-estradiol antibodies used in immunoassays ( 4

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Jasmin Asberger Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Thalia Erbes Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Markus Jaeger Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Gerta Rücker Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Claudia Nöthling Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Andrea Ritter Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Kai Berner Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Ingolf Juhasz-Böss Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

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Marc Hirschfeld Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

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can be categorized according to different endocrine effects: selective oestrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and selective estrogen-receptor downregulator (SERD) ( 7 ). The selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM

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Charissa van Zwol-Janssens Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Aglaia Hage Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Kim van der Ham Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Birgitta K Velthuis Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

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Ricardo P J Budde Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Maria P H Koster Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Arie Franx Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Bart C J M Fauser Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht & University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

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Eric Boersma Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Daniel Bos Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Joop S E Laven Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Yvonne V Louwers Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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the CREW consortium
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the CREW consortium

risk for failure to attain peak bone mass or for early loss of BD, due to estrogen deficiency at an early age ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). Consequently, women with POI are advised to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) ( 6 ). In contrast to POI, the

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