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, benomyl, and mancozeb Pyrethroids , such as permethrin Triazines , such as atrazine Many pesticides are known to be endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), defined as ‘exogenous agents, that are potentially capable of synthesis, secretion
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in a diet enriched in saturated and trans fats as well as simple carbohydrates that promote the development of obesity and diabetes ( 7 , 8 ). Recently, exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been implicated as novel metabolic
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was found for an adverse impact on human health due to environmental agents, such as phthalates ( 6 ). Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) has belonged to the most abundant phthalates in industry and consumer goods for many years acting as an endocrine-disrupting
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well as in exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Several studies have been able to associate urinary levels of several EDCs, with the age at pubertal onset ( 5 , 6 ). Especially non-persistent phthalates and phenols have been investigated
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DOHaD ( 17 ). Endocrine-disrupting chemicals The endocrine system ultimately modulates function in tissues that regulate weight and metabolism. Endocrine hormones such as insulin, thyroid hormone, estrogens, and androgens are well known to
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able to disrupt the closed feedback loops of the hormonal and homeostatic systems, thus being named endocrine disruptors (EDs) (7) . The group of known ED is extremely heterogeneous. It embraces ubiquitous synthetic substances used as industrial
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certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Numerous EDCs are present in our environment, and EDCs are suspected of playing a role in testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) in humans. This syndrome encompasses a range of male disorders, presumed to have
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). BPA is an endocrine disruptor, being considered a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) ( 4 , 5 ), with important effects on reproductive function ( 4 , 6 ). Besides that, BPA was shown to have positive association with serum TSH ( 7 ) and
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prevalent human exposure to UV filters is of concern as several of these chemicals have endocrine-disrupting properties demonstrated in in vitro animal and human studies ( 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ). We recently investigated the
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Introduction Concerns have been raised that man-made chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) may have endocrine properties in humans. These potential endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs) are widely used in modern societies, and the