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Hana Vítková Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Kateřina Anderlová Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Jan Krátký Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Radovan Bílek Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic

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Drahomíra Springer Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Felix Votava Department of Children and Adolescents, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic

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Tomáš Brutvan Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Adéla Krausová Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Kristýna Žabková Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Eliška Potluková University Center of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland and University of Basel, Switzerland

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Jan Jiskra Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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, some studies have pointed to a possible relationship between thyroid dysfunction and/or thyroid autoimmunity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ( 5 ). Recently, Sitoris et al. ( 6 ) reported that thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid women is

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Till Ittermann Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Rehman Mehmood Khattak Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar (CU), Peshawar, Pakistan

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Marcello R P Markus Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Jens-Peter Kühn Institute of Radiology, University Hospital, Carl-Gustav-Carus University, Dresden, Germany

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Marie-Luise Kromrey Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Giovanni Targher Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

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Antje Steveling Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Matthias Nauck Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany

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Henry Völzke Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common finding in individuals with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus and its prevalence is steeply increasing worldwide ( 1 ). Recent meta-analyses of observational studies revealed

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Xin He Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Qin Yan Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Chazhen Liu Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Zhengyuan Wang Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Ping Liao Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Tong Liu Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Zehuan Shi Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Qi Song Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Xueying Cui Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Wenjing Wang Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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Jiajie Zang Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

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morbidity and adult cardiovascular metabolic syndrome ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). In contrast, large for gestational age (LGA) is associated with increased risk for obstructed labor, postpartum hemorrhage, newborn hypoglycemia, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in

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Ning Yuan Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Jianbin Sun Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xin Zhao Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Jing Du Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Min Nan Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Qiaoling Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xiaomei Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China

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) concentration, is prevalent in pregnant women ( 1 ). Numerous studies have shown that SCH may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as spontaneous abortion, premature birth, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus

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Hanneke J C M Wouters Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Anneke C Muller Kobold Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Thera P Links Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Gerwin Huls Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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Melanie M van der Klauw Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands

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additive effects and synergistic effects of comorbidity on HRQoL ( 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ). For example, the influence of comorbid conditions on HRQoL is additive in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) ( 13 ), whereas this relationship is

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Qiankai Jin Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Guoqing Huang Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Xiaoqing Tian Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Yimeng Shu Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Ximisinuer Tusongtuoheti Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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Yushan Mao Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

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, blood-lowering drugs, or previous diagnosis of hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and diabetes mellitus through a computerized database in Zhenhai Lianhua Hospital. These participants were assessed as having diagnosed hypertension

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Ayse Nurcan Cebeci Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Vera Schempp Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany

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Katharina Förtsch Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Bettina Gohlke Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany

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Michaela Marx Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Helmuth-Guenther Dörr Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Joachim Woelfle Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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, GD, type 1 diabetes mellitus, celiac disease, alopecia, vitiligo, and idiopathic arthritis ( 13 , 21 ). The frequency of autoimmune thyroid disorders increases with age, affecting mainly females during adolescence ( 22 ). In patients with DS, the

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Huixing Liu Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Daoquan Peng Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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-β-HDL formation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients ( 137 ). TH strongly induces ApoA1 gene and protein expression ( 138 ), thereby increasing cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues to HDL in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Homocysteine levels

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Fei Wu Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chaoming Mao Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Xiao Mou Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Chengcheng Xu Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Tingting Zheng Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Ling Bu Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China

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Xuan Luo Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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Qingyan Lu Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China

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Xuefeng Wang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

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FM Chang DM Tsai JC Huang HF Shin SJ Lee YJ . Elevated plasma level of visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 91 295 – 299 . ( https

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Giuseppe Lisco Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Anna De Tullio Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Olga Disoteo Diabetology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy

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Giuseppina Piazzolla Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Edoardo Guastamacchia Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Carlo Sabbà Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Vincenzo De Geronimo Unit of Endocrinology, Policlinico Morgagni CCD, Catania, Italy

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Enrico Papini Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Rome, Italy

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Vincenzo Triggiani Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, Bari, Italy

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Jirillo E Guastamacchia E Sabbà C , Basal insulin intensification with GLP-1RA and dual GIP and GLP-1RA in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: a rapid review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis . Frontiers in

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