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Introduction Adolescence is a period of life marked by an interconnected set of social, cognitive, psycho-emotional, and morphophysiological changes ( 1 ). The morphophysiological aspects of adolescent development are related to puberty, which
Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
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Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
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, including abnormal follicular development, insulin resistance, and excess androgen production ( 2 ). Among these changes, abnormal follicular development and insulin resistance are more commonly observed. However, the pathogenesis and molecular regulatory
TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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TRIXY Center of Expertise, Leiden University Treatment and Expertise Centre (LUBEC), Sandifortdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg, Leiden, The Netherlands
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. Neurocognitive impairments may serve as sensitive early predictors of behavioral problems in later life, may function as markers for children with an ‘at-risk’ development (e.g. identify those that do not meet age-specific norms for language, cognitive, and motor
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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development of physical characteristics that align with their gender identity and improves mental health ( 1 ). There has been an ongoing debate regarding the inclusion of progesterone in feminising hormone therapy regimens. Some suggest progesterone may aid
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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2016 in Münster, Germany ( 2 ). It was organized by Prof Hanna Swaab and her local organizing team at the University of Leiden, as well as an international scientific organizing team. Over 3 days, participants presented the latest developments within
Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Industry, Hohhot, PR China
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Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Development Engineering of Autonomous Region Universities, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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follicular somatic cells or somatic cells and oocytes mediate complex message exchange between cells and are necessary for granulosa cell proliferation, differentiation, and oocyte growth and maturation during follicular development ( 3 , 4 , 5 ). In
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
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EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Objective
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are not mandatory for reproductive life, but data suggest their synergistic action with follicle-stimulating hormone throughout ovarian folliculogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the association of IGF-1 level on clinical pregnancy rate after ovarian stimulation, with or without intrauterine insemination, in women with GH deficiency (GHD) treated with GH replacement therapy (GHRT) at conception.
Design and methods
Data from 19 women with both GHD and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism referred to our reproductive medicine department were retrospectively collected. IGF-1 levels were assessed in a single laboratory, and values were expressed in s.d. from the mean.
Results
Amongst the seven patients receiving GHRT during ovarian stimulation, higher IGF-1 levels were significantly associated with clinical pregnancy (+0.4 s.d. vs–1.6 s.d., P = 0.03). Amongst the 24 pregnancies obtained by the 19 infertile patients, pregnancy loss was less frequent with the addition of GHRT than without (1 miscarriage out of 8 total pregnancies vs 4 miscarriages out of 16 total pregnancies).
Conclusions
This is the first study evaluating the association of IGF-1 level on clinical pregnancy rate in GH-treated women at conception. When taking care of female infertility due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, practitioners should enquire about the associated GHD and IGF-1 levels. To ensure higher clinical pregnancy chances, practitioners should aim for IGF-1 values at conception, ranging from 0 s.d. to +2 s.d., and, if necessary, could discuss initiation or increase GH treatment. Prospective studies should help strengthen our results.
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adolescents to explore their gender identity, start a social transition, and live in the social role of the experienced gender. At the same time, the development of secondary sex characteristics is halted. Thus, many TGD adolescents who will seek further
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triggered by the imbalance between the antioxidant system and oxidative stress ( 12 , 14 ). There are two major pathways that contribute to the development of ferroptosis: the enzyme-regulated pathway and transporter-dependent pathway. The enzyme
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Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Division of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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the GnRH pulse generator during pregnancy and contributes in that way to the decrease in pituitary gonadotrophins causing a decrease in AMH. Fetal growth is dependent on adequate development of the placenta ( 52 ). Korevaar et al. showed that a