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  • Pituitary and Hypothalamus x
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Liang Xue Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Department of Neurosurgery, 900TH Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

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Jianwu Wu Department of Neurosurgery, 900TH Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

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Jie Chen Department of Radiology, 900TH Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

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Yongkai Yang Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

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factors influencing the development of DI after TSS for PAs. To this end, we established the following objectives: (i) retrospective data collection; (ii) observation of the elevation of the diaphragma sellae (DS) and changes in the pituitary stalk

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J Van Schaik Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M Burghard Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Exercise Physiology, Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M H Lequin Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Radiology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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E A van Maren Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Radiology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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A M van Dijk Department of Dietetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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T Takken Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Exercise Physiology, Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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L B Rehorst-Kleinlugtenbelt Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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B Bakker Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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L Meijer Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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E W Hoving Division of Neurosurgery, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M Fiocco Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Institute of Mathematics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

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A Y N Schouten-van Meeteren Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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W J E Tissing Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Division of Pediatric Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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H M van Santen Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Division of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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but not a requisite for the development of HO ( 14 , 15 , 16 ). Changes in energy expenditure have been hypothesized to play a major role in weight gain and development of HO. Resting energy expenditure (REE) is the energy expenditure of the basic

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Julia Beckhaus Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
Division of Epidemiology and Biometry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany

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Maria Eveslage Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

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Brigitte Bison Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

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Carsten Friedrich Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Hermann L Müller Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Introduction Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are rare embryonic malformations, which arise from ectoblastic remnants of Rathke’s pouch. Thus, CP can be found anywhere along the path of development of Rathke’s pouch in hypothalamic and pituitary

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S R Ali Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

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J Bryce Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

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A L Priego-Zurita Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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M Cherenko Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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C Smythe Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

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T M de Rooij Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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M Cools Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Belgium
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

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T Danne Diabetes Center AUF DER BULT, Hannover, Germany

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H Katugampola UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London

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O M Dekkers Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Department of Medicine & Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands

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O Hiort Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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A Linglart AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, le Kremlin Bicêtre, France

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I Netchine Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de recherche Sainte Antoine, APHP, Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris, France

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A Nordenstrom Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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P Attila Clinical Genetics and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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L Persani Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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N Reisch Endokrinologie, Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany

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A Smyth Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

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Z Sumnik Department of Pediatrics, Motol University Hospital and 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

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D Taruscio National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

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W E Visser Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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A M Pereira Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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N M Appelman-Dijkstra Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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S F Ahmed Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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(91%) 66 21 (2, 27) 0.1 (0, 1.3) 1.2  Growth and obesity 16 32 (12%) 225 (88%) 257 19 (5, 27) 0.4 (0, 5.6) 4.8  Pituitary 17 176 (51%) 168 (49%) 344 22 (4, 27) 0.4 (0, 8.7) 4.8  Sex development 20

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Izabelle Lövgren Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Azadeh Abravan Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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Abigail Bryce-Atkinson Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Marcel van Herk Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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normal growth and development, a deficiency can have significant impacts such as stunted growth, dwarfism, and obesity ( 9 ). Furthermore, TSH deficiency was the second most common endocrinopathy that manifested in 20.5% of patients, followed by ACTH

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Sherwin Criseno Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Helena Gleeson Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew A Toogood Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Neil Gittoes Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Anne Topping School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

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Niki Karavitaki Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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further 60% would probably consider it as an approach. Methodologically sound studies underpinning the development of safe and cost-effective guidance in this field are needed and eagerly awaited. Supplementary materials This is linked to the

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Savi R Shishkov Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Varna, Clinic of Endocrinology, UMHAT “Sveta Marina”, Varna, Bulgaria
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Luigi Tuccillo Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy

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Violeta M Iotova Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, First Pediatric Clinic with Intensive Care, UMHAT “Sveta Marina”, Varna, Bulgaria

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Rosario Pivonello Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Naples, Italy

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Iris CM Pelsma Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Alberto M Pereira Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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Nienke R Biermasz Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Adult Chair of MTG Pituitary of Endo-ERN

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the Endo-ERN Reference Centers of the Main Thematic Group: Hypothalamic and Pituitary Conditions, Endo-ERN Pituitary Transition of Care Study Group
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the Endo-ERN Reference Centers of the Main Thematic Group: Hypothalamic and Pituitary Conditions, Endo-ERN Pituitary Transition of Care Study Group

with associated needs from child-centered to adult-oriented assistance ( 6 ). Several authors have defined the start of transition by physical development, with Tanner stage 5 being the starting point ( 5 , 7 ), whereas other authors preferred to

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David S McLaren Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Aarani Devi Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Nikolaos Kyriakakis Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Michelle Kwok-Williams Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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Robert D Murray Department of Endocrinology, Leeds Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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hormone deficiencies is not fully understood but may result from a combination of damage to hypothalamic nuclei, portal vasculopathy, pituitary fibrosis, or the development of pituitary atrophy secondary to hypothalamic damage. HP dysfunction can present

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Kunzhe Lin Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Lingling Lu Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Zhijie Pei Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Shuwen Mu Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Shaokuan Huang Department of Neurosurgery, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China

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Shousen Wang Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fuzhou, China

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more likely the development of delayed hyponatremia after surgery ( 13 ). Our study found that age, sex, and tumor size did not predict the occurrence of delayed hyponatremia after surgery. Pituitary adenomas can extend into the cavernous sinus

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Julia Beckhaus Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
Division of Epidemiology and Biometry, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany

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Svenja Boekhoff Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Katrin Scheinemann Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Center, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Freimut H Schilling Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland

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Gudrun Fleischhack Pediatrics III, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

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Gerhard Binder University Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Brigitte Bison Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

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Torsten Pietsch Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany

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Carsten Friedrich Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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Hermann L Müller Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany

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dysfunction ( 9 ). Depending on the size and location of the tumor, adverse side effects of CP can also include hydrocephalus and visual impairment ( 10 ). Not infrequently, children with CP show disturbances in their development and growth. Especially in CP

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