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EHESP-School of Public Health, Rennes, France
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Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France
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resulted in reduced birth weight while not affecting fertility ( 15 ). These data were contested in 2016, when three experimental studies in rodent were published suggesting that prenatal analgesic exposure could disrupt female reproductive development
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to that of AGTR1. The high density of AGTR1 at the beginning of gestation is associated with higher content in maternal tissue in early placentomes (10) . Several studies have shown that RAS is active during early foetal development of many species
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Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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independent, non-profit cancer research organization which coordinates and conducts international translational and clinical research to improve the standard of cancer treatment for patients. The EORTC Quality of Life Group is dedicated to the development of
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INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Département d'Endocrinologie et de Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
INSERM Unité 1203 (DEFE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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are useful to identify the hyperandrogenism cause. Independently of the presence or not of Müllerian structures, karyotyping must also be performed to exclude a 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) resulting in sex reversal. Indeed, in the absence
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Introduction Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for normal brain development where it influences, during specific temporal windows, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal and glial cell differentiation, myelination and synaptogenesis. These
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Introduction Adolescence is a period of life marked by an interconnected set of social, cognitive, psycho-emotional, and morphophysiological changes ( 1 ). The morphophysiological aspects of adolescent development are related to puberty, which
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Introduction Sex development is a multistep process under genetic control, implying a delicate network of molecular events that direct both the bi-potential gonads to become either a testis or an ovary (sex determination), and the consequent
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Introduction Disorder of sex development (DSD) is defined as congenital condition in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal or anatomic sex is atypical ( 1 ). The incidence of DSD is 1:4500 to 1:5000 live births ( 2 , 3 ). It is a
The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan, Safed, Israel
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Introduction Disorders of sex development (DSD) are classified as a congenital discrepancy between external genitalia and gonadal and chromosomal sex ( 1 ). The prevalence of DSD, including hypospadias, is estimated at 5 out of 1000 newborns
Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
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Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
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, including abnormal follicular development, insulin resistance, and excess androgen production ( 2 ). Among these changes, abnormal follicular development and insulin resistance are more commonly observed. However, the pathogenesis and molecular regulatory